Retrieving category associates (e.g., FRUIT-ORANGE) may induce forgetting other category members (e.g., FRUIT-BANANA), a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). We designed 2 experiments to examine the role of RIF in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia (SZ). Subjects studied 36 category-exemplar pairs, generated from 6 categories composed of 6 members each. For ha...

Genetic variants in CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C) are associated with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia where sleep disturbances are common. In an experimental model, Cacna1c has been found to modulate the electrophysiological architecture of sleep. There are strong genetic influences for consolidation of sleep in infancy, but only a few studies have thus far researc...

Development of high-efficiency and cost-effective carbon capture technology is a central element of our effort to battle the global warming and climate change. Here we report that the unique high-flux and high-selectivity of electrochemical silver-carbonate dual-phase membranes can be retained for an extended period of operation by overcoating the surfaces of porous silver matrix with a uniform...

The understanding of neuronal circuits has been, and will continue to be, greatly advanced by the simultaneous imaging of action potentials in neuronal ensembles. This protocol describes "bulk" loading of brain slices with acetoxymethyl (AM) ester calcium indicators in order to monitor action potential activity in large populations of neurons simultaneously. The imaging of calcium influx into n...

The leech heartbeat CPG is paced by the alternating bursting of pairs of mutually inhibitory heart interneurons that form elemental half-center oscillators. We explore the control of burst duration in heart interneurons using a hybrid system, where a living, pharmacologically isolated, heart interneuron is connected with artificial synapses to a model heart interneuron running in real-time, by ...

Perspectives Children younger than five years old are generally unable to safely swallow solid capsules and tablets larger than 10 mm. 1 Although oral liquid medicines can be prescribed, these have some disadvantages over solid medicines. Substances or excipients that solubilize the active ingredient or ensure microbial stability are included in oral liquids and these may be harmful to young ch...

Aspirin has been used therapeutically for over 100 years. As the originator and an important marketer of aspirin-containing products, Bayer's clinical trial database contains numerous reports of the pharmacokinetics of various aspirin formulations. These include evaluations of plain tablets, effervescent tablets, granules, chewable tablets, and fast-release tablets. This publication seeks to ex...

After launching of sildenafil citrate, the last invention of 20 century, in 1998, oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor has been established as first line treatment of erectile dysfunction and shift new paradigm of diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. The big success of sildenafil in pharmaceutical R&D induced the consecutive development of the so-called ‘The second Viagra’...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of lithium (Li) as an adjuvant in radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 350 hyperthyroid patients with a mean follow-up period of 32.3 +/- 9.8 months (range, 12-60 months). The patients were randomized into two groups with 175 patients in each group: (1) radioiodine group (controls)-no lithium was given ...