Childhood onset bipolar disorder as it is currently treated in the United Stated carries a poor prognosis in the short term based on prospective follow-up studies of clinical samples [1-4] and into adulthood based on retrospective studies in adults [5,6]. This is a problem of enormous proportions given the several percent incidence of the illness in adolescents in the US [7,8] and the findings ...

Background: Previous studies have consistently shown increased rates of childhood adversity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, such aetiopathogenic studies of CFS are potentially confounded by co-morbidity and misdiagnosis particularly with depression. Purpose: We examined the relationship between rates of childhood adversity using two complimentary approaches (1) a sample of CFS patie...

BACKGROUND Psychological factors and socioeconomic status (SES) have a notable impact on health disparities, including type 2 diabetes risk. However, the link between childhood psychosocial factors, such as childhood adversities or parental SES, and metabolic disturbances is less well established. In addition, the lifetime perspective including adult socioeconomic factors remains of further int...

Evidence suggests that adverse experiences in childhood are associated with psychosis. To examine the association between childhood adversity and trauma (sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, neglect, parental death, and bullying) and psychosis outcome, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched from January 1980 through November 2011. We included prospe...

none of the approved immunomodulatory drugs in adults multiple sclerosis (ms) patients have been officially approved for the pediatric patients and are currently used off-label in this population. in this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of intramuscular interferon beta1-a (avonex®) and subcutaneously injected interferon beta1-b (betaferon®) in children with definite relap...

inguinal mass is a common clinical finding or even symptom in childhood while the most common diagnosis is inguinal hernia that may proceed with prompt surgical but there are a vast variety of different entities that may manifest as an inguinal mass and in some instances, surgical approach is not indicated or may need further preoperative assessments to determine a correct therapeutic plan. in ...

background the choice of what parameters are needed for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (mets) has been criticized due to the lack of an actual “gold standard” diagnostic test even in adults. this problem seems to be greater in children and adolescents. objectives stability assessment of factor structure underlying metabolic syndrome (mets) components from childhood to adolescence in a pane...

background: seizure is the most common pediatric neurologic disorder. epidemiological studies of childhood epilepsy are of importance to compare incidence and prevalence rates, age distribution, inheritance, seizure types, epilepsy syn­dromes and treatment strategies. since there is little information about prevalence of childhood seizure in iran, this study was aimed to determine the life time...

background asthma is a chronic inflammatory air-way disease with increasing prevalence rate during the recent years. there are studies about the relationship between asthma and infectious diseases, including the association between asthma and helicobacter pylori. according to the latest studies, there is an epidemiological correlation between asthma prevalence and prevalence of h. pylori. objec...

Children are considerably more susceptible to enviro006Emental hazards than adults. This study was conducted to investigate whether the first asbestos exposure in childhood increases the risk of asbestos-related cancer including mesothelioma and lung cancer. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies published up to July 2012. Six studies reported the re...