In this paper, several transversely cracked RC beams, self-anchored in a three-point bending mode, were prepared and subjected to NaCl solution drying–wetting cycles. Based on two experimental results obtained after 15 and 30 cycles, respectively, the profiles of free chloride concentration at different sections of sound and cracked concretes were presented and analyzed. The depth of surface co...

Nuclear power plants are constructed very close to the marine environments for cooling water and the structures are more susceptible to chloride induced corrosion. Cracking in RC structures in mass concrete is unavoidable when they are exposed to chloride contaminated chemical environments. This study is focused on the evaluation of crack and time effect on chloride diffusion rate. Two types of...

The correlation of chloride diffusion coefficient and concrete maturity value within 56 days of curing was investigated by the chemically combined water content method, rapid chloride migration (RCM) test, and concrete maturity test. The experimental results showed that chloride diffusion coefficient of concretes decreased not only with increasing curing ages but also with increasing curing tem...

A new system has been developed for removal of chloride contamination from kraft process liquors. The compact, skid-mounted system which utilizes ion exchange columns only 24 inches in height, is shown to be capable of removing 90-99% of the chloride from a wide variety of sources including dissolved ESP catch, oxidized white liquor, spent bleach scrubber liquors, spent ion exchange demineraliz...

A series of concrete slabs were cast with 0, 7, and 12% by mass silica fume replacement of cement at W/CM = 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45. After either moist or steam curing, a variety of chloride resistance tests were performed. These included AASHTO T259, modified T259, T277, as well as several bulk diffusion tests and sorptivity tests. Results indicate that the use of properly dispersed silica fume r...

Decreases in plasma bicarbonate are associated with hyperchloremic acidosis and lactic acidosis. According to the Stewart approach to acid-base physiology, the strong-ion difference regulates plasma bicarbonate, with chloride and lactate being the only strong anions routinely measured in clinical chemistry. We hypothesized that the plasma strong-ion difference, both with and without lactate, wo...

Surface charge governs nanoscale aqueous electrolyte transport, both in engineered analytical systems and in biological entities such as ion channels and ion pumps as a function of ion type and concentration. Embedded electrodes in a nanofluidic channel, isolated from the fluid in the channel by a dielectric layer, act as active, tunable gates to systematically modify local surface charge densi...

Molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated chloride ions have been performed with a polarizable model for interface geometries of varying curvature, ranging from clusters to planar surfaces. The solvation depth profile of the chloride ion is found to depend dramatically on the curvature of the interface. This behavior is consistent with the structure-breaking character of the chloride ion, and ...