Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can affect not only bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), but also the compartment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Besides standard chemotherapy, specific and non-specific immunotherapy has been employed synergistically to treat AML patients. Here we report on a patient who received standard chemotherapy, unspecific immunotherapy with interleukin-2, as well as l...

PURPOSE To document the imaging abnormalities seen in the central nervous system (CNS) in childhood leukemia or as complications of its treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 15 children with neurologic complications of leukemia or its treatment were reviewed retrospectively. The first group consisted of patients with CNS abnormalities detected prior to or during...

Chloroma or gr anulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a malignant neoplasm of myeloid lineage that occur in a variety of anatomic sites other than the bone marrow including soft tissue, bone, lymph node, nasal fossa, skin and sometime in the orbit. In the subconjunctiva it is rarely reported. A 4-year-old girl with a history of treated acute myelogenous leukemia was referred to Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran,...

Introduction. Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma or extramedullary myeloblastoma, is a solid tumor composed of primitive precursors of the granulocytic series that include myeloblasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes. Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare tumor that may develop during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but less frequently may precede its presentation. Although generalized lymph...

Recent findings implied that the progression of hematologic malignancies, like that of solid tumors, is dependent on neovascularization. Recent studies on patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed increased levels of leukocyte-associated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and neovascularization of the bone marrow. Murine (32D, M1) and human (HEL, U937, and UKE-1) leukemic cell li...

Refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts associated with marked thrombocytosis (RARS-T) and granulocytic sarcoma are two rare myeloid neoplasms. RARS-T is a Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MDS/MPN) characterized by overlapping myeloproliferative (platelets count higher than 450x109/L associated with proliferation of large atypical megakaryocytes similar than those observed in essen...

In chronic myelogenous (CML) and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), neoplastic cells spread via the circulation into various extramedullary organs. As E- and P-selectin constitute the starting point for the leucocyte adhesion/invasion cascade, and CEL and CML cells share many properties with normal granulocytes, we investigated the role of these selectins in CEL and CML cell expansion and org...

RETINOBLASTOMA is a rare tumour, occurring mainly in infancy and early childhood, and arouses interest whenever it is encountered. This case is of even greater interest because it was found in a girl 81 years old, and even more so because of the unique method in which the diagnosis was established. Retinoblastoma, in the advanced stages, when extra-ocular extension has occurred, may present wit...

More than 50% of Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) strain rats, which received combined treatment with a fractionated total-body X-irradiation and an injection of a mouse leukemia virus (Gross virus), developed leukemia within 7 months following treatment. The majority of the induced leukemias were thymic lymphomas with a short latency period similar to those observed in susceptible strains of mice and W/Fu ...

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a solid malignant tumour associated with infiltration of immature myeloid precursor cells in an extramedullary site. The term MS has replaced the term granulocytic sarcoma and chloroma, which were used in the past. MS in the oral cavity is very uncommon, with less of 40 cases reported until recently. Case Report: We report the first case, the features, and th...