-The use of pesticides in agriculture has contributed to a massive increase in global food production. But the adverse impact of pesticides on living organisms has led to a growing concern about residues in soils and in aqueous media. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven particularly useful in degrading toxic organic compounds found in wastewater to less toxic reaction products or ul...

The baseline and residual activity of micro-encapsulated insecticides was assessed on a sandfly colony originating in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Lethal doses were calculated for formulations of the pyrethroids permethrin and cypermethrin and the organophosphates diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Cypermethrin was found to be more toxic than permethrin and chlorpyrifos was more toxic than diazinon. Acco...

We illustrated the development of a simple pharmacokinetic (SPK) model aiming to estimate the absorbed chlorpyrifos doses using urinary biomarker data, 3,5,6-trichlorpyridinol as the model input. The effectiveness of the SPK model in the pesticide risk assessment was evaluated by comparing dose estimates using different urinary composite data. The dose estimates resulting from the first morning...

We report here the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos, a broad-spectrum organophosphorous insecticide, on female reproductive function in rat model. We observed significant alterations in the rhythmicity and phasic cellular characteristics of estrous cycle with a concomitant increase in diestrus index in chlorpyrifos treated female rats in a dosedependent manner (5.4 and 8.1 mg/Kg.b.wt./day) compare...

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorous insecticide widely used in agriculture and domestic activities. However, little is known about the effect of this pesticide on the immune system of fish and other alterations of its physiological system. The aims of the present study were the evaluation of the LC(50) (lethal concentration(50)) and the potential toxicity of this substance on Nile tilapia (Ore...

Surveys were conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the pest status of the American plum borer, Euzophera semifuneralis (Walker), in New York State stone fruit crops. These surveys indicate that American plum borer is the most important of the wood-boring insects infesting tart cherries and also is an important pest in peaches suffering from canker diseases. It is not prevalent in plums or in ...

Research Chlorpyrifos

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize (Zea mays L.) crops in Brazil. The effects of beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, spinosad, etofenprox, triflumuron, alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron, and lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) immature stages we...

Between September 1995 and September 1996, 4-day composite duplicate plate samples (379 solid food samples and 303 beverage samples) were obtained from a stratified random sample of 75 individuals in Maryland and analyzed for the presence of 10 pesticides. Samples were collected in each of six approximately equally spaced cycles as part of a larger pilot investigation of longitudinal exposure t...

Laboratory feeding trials were conducted to assess the comparative impact of registered and new unregistered insecticide-treated bran baits on nontarget epigcal arthropods. Yellow mealworm beetles and larvae (Tcllebrio molitor, L.) (8 surrogate, surface-dwelling tenebrionid) were individually housed in containers and exposed to five different dosages (quantities) of bran bait treated with three...