Ever since the publication of Dohm’s Ueber die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Juden (On Civil Improvement Jews) in 1781, which argued for Jewish political equality on humanitarian grounds, more and voices joined those demands. Prominent among them was David Friedländer, a friend disciple Moses Mendelssohn. One leading figures Berlin Haskalah, he worked towards establishing equal legal status Jews...

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate briefly how Shusaku Endo, the noted Japanese author Silence, stresses his identity over Roman Catholic religion in novel Samurai. This preference has unfortunately been ignored by Western literary critics who have instead opted stress importance religious beliefs fiction.