In the last 30 years, information provided by cytogenetic analysis has become indispensable for the clinical management of patients with hematological malignancies. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the favorable prognostic subgroup is defined by the presence of leukemic blasts with t(15;17), t(8;21), or inv(16). The unfavorable cases are those with abnormalities involving more than two chromoso...

Chromosome bar codes are multicolor banding patterns produced by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with differentially labeled and pooled sub-regional DNA probes. These molecular cytogenetic tools facilitate chromosome identification and the delineation of both inter- and intra-chromosomal rearrangements. We present an overview of the various conceptual approaches which can be largely d...

The clinical, cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic findings in a patient with a ring chromosome 21 are presented. This anomaly acts as a deletion of chromosomal material and results in specific congenital defects. A comparison is made with 24 cases of deletions involving chromosome 21 described in the literature. Six of these have been studied by means of recently developed chromosome banding techniq...

Identification of individual chromosomes by banding patterns is an essential step for physical genetic mapping of fish and other species where chromosomes are numerous and similar in size. Many techniques, such as Giemsa banding, reverse banding and restriction enzyme banding can generate well-defined patterns on mammalian chromosomes. However, these linear banding techniques are not useful wit...