Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is much more common than people recognize, and habitually goes undetected and undiagnosed until the disease is well advanced or when their kidney functions is down to 25% of normal function. Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to cause CKD. Non-genetic factors include hypertension, High level of DNA damage due to the production of reactive oxygen species and ...

BACKGROUND Autophagy is the degrading process of protein and organelles mediated by lysosomes. This process is involved in purging senescent organelles and subversive proteins while maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment. This phenomenon is highly conservative, existing in nearly every species, and is involved in cell growth, proliferation and tumorigenesis. SUMMARY In rec...

The most problematic issue in clinical nephrology is the relentless and progressive increase in patients with ESRD (end-stage renal disease) worldwide. The impact of diabetic nephropathy on the increasing population with CKD (chronic kidney disease) and ESRD is enormous. Three major pathways showing abnormality of intracellular metabolism have been identified in the development of diabetic neph...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The results of recent clinical trials in early diabetic nephropathy demonstrate that current therapies designed to suppress microalbuminuria do not prevent renal function decline. However, recent observational studies refined the traditional model of early nephropathy in type 1 diabetes and may inform more effective therapies for the prevention of chronic kidney disease. REC...

Background: We aimed to investigate the role of HIF-2α on chronic allograft nephropathy, which is a consequence inflammation and fibrosis. Method: The study was conducted between November 2019 January 2021, patients who had kidney biopsy in our university last two years were included study. 15 with diagnosis nephropathy proven by biopsy, an eGFR below 60 ml/dk for other reasons as non-CAN group...

BACKGROUND Despite the development of biomarkers and noninvasive imaging tools, biopsy remains the only method for correctly diagnosing patients with unexplained hematuria, proteinuria and renal failure. Renal biopsy has been performed for several decades in Taiwan; however, a national data registry is still lacking until 2013. METHODS The Renal Biopsy Registry Committee was established withi...

This research was motivated by a desire to model the progression of a chronic disease through various disease stages when data are not available to directly estimate all the transition parameters in the model. This is a common occurrence when time and expense make it unfeasible to follow a single cohort to estimate all the transition parameters. One difficulty of developing a model of chronic d...

More than 380 million people are currently suffering from diabetes. The International Diabetes Federation estimated that this would rise to 592 million within a generation. Despite this relentless increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes worldwide, with the advent of potent statins, there has been a gradual decline in mortality from macrovascular complications, such as stroke and coronary ...

 Etiology: CKD is the terminal stage of chronic progressive nephropathies which include: 1. Glomerular nephropathies:  severe glomerulonephritis (80% of CKD cases)  diabetic nephropathy  renal amyloidosis 2. Renal vascular nephropathies:  malignant hypertension  hypertension nephroangiosclerosis  bilateral renal artery sclerosis 3. Tubulointerstitial nephropathies  chronic pyelonephriti...

The effect of the orally highly bioavailable and specific endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor antagonist LU 135252 was assessed in a model of chronic renal allograft nephropathy. Kidneys of Fisher rats were orthotopically grafted to Lewis rats. Fisher autografts and kidneys after uninephrectomy served as controls. All animals received low-dose cyclosporin A (CsA; 1.5 mg/kg body wt) for 10 d after sur...