Decreased lung function is at risk for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Risk identification a strategy to improve the quality of self-management, through factors and early symptoms COPD. This study aims determine relationship between in builders related disorders. The design this was case control Rungkut District, Surabaya September-December 2018. research variables were disorders,...

background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a chronic respiratory disease, which reduces the lung function and causes respiratory symptoms over time, and it is primarily associated with shortness of breath, cough and sputum production. roflumilast, which is a long-acting selective inhibitor, reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of the main symptoms of copd. the aim of this study...

Asthma is characterized by narrowing of the airways in response to various stimuli and the presence of airway inflammation of varying degree. Unlike the more fixed or permanent airflow obstruction typical of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and bronchiolitis, the airflow obstruction associated with asthma may be completely reversible [see 14:III Chronic Obstructiv...

The standard plethysmographic method of measuring total lung capacity (TLC) has been reported to result in spuriously high estimates in patients with severe airway obstruction. The helium-dilution method is known to underestimate TLC in the same patients. To determine the magnitude of these possible errors we measured TLC by four methods in 20 patients with varying degrees of chronic obstructiv...

CD4+CD25+ FOXP3-positive T-regulatory cells have an important role in controlling immune and inflammatory reactions. The present authors hypothesise that these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to characterise the expression of FOXP3 in large and small airways of nonsmokers, smokers with normal lung functi...