INTRODUCTION Although adolescent cigarette use continues to decline in the United States, electronic cigarette (e‑cigarette) use among adolescents has escalated rapidly. This study assessed trends and patterns of e‑cigarette use and concurrent cigarette smoking and the relationships between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation intentions and behaviors among high school students in North Caroli...

AIMS Tobacco tax increases are the most effective means of reducing tobacco use and inequalities in smoking, but effectiveness depends on transnational tobacco company (TTC) pricing strategies, specifically whether TTCs overshift tax increases (increase prices on top of the tax increase) or undershift the taxes (absorb the tax increases so they are not passed onto consumers), about which little...

BACKGROUND Cigarette consumption in Ukraine is increasing while the cigarettes are becoming more affordable due to low taxes and raising income. The impact of cigarette prices and taxes on cigarette consumption is unclear due to the limited research evidence using the local data. This study estimates the sensitivity of Ukraine population to cigarette prices and the affordability of cigarettes u...

BACKGROUND The attempt to understand the kinetic behavior of nicotine in tobacco will provide a basis for unraveling its energetics in tobacco burning and the formation of free radicals considered harmful to the cigarette smoking community. To the best of our knowledge, the high temperature destruction kinetic characteristics of nicotine have not been investigated before; hence this study is ne...

a tax increase fails as a tobacco control policy: the ITC China project evaluation of the 2009 cigarette tax increase in China China ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (the WHO FCTC) in 2006 and thus has the obligation to increase the prices and taxes of cigarettes. In May 2009, China raised cigarette excise taxes, which was cited by a Chinese government official as a meas...

cigarette use and its predicting factors among male high school students moeini b* , allahverdipour h received: 25 april, 2010 accepted: 27 july, 2010 abstract background & aims: tobacco use among adolescents is one of the most important preventable problems that was known as a gateway drug to the use of other much more dangerous substances as marijuana and opium. etiology of tobacco use initia...

BACKGROUND There has been little research examining whether e-cigarette use increases the risk of cigarette initiation among adolescents in the transition to adulthood when the sale of cigarettes becomes legal. METHODS The Children's Health Study is a prospectively followed cohort in Southern California. Data on e-cigarette use were collected in 11th and 12th grade (mean age = 17.4); follow-u...

Introduction As tobacco advertising restrictions have increased, the retail 'power wall' behind the counter is increasingly invaluable for marketing tobacco products. Objective The primary objectives of this pilot study were 3-fold: (1) evaluate the attention paid/fixations on the area behind the cash register where tobacco advertising is concentrated and tobacco products are displayed in a r...

objectives the current study aimed to assess the determinants of tobacco smoking and hookah smoking in a nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents. patients and methods this study was conducted as part of the fourth cross-sectional survey of a national school-based program. using a cluster random sampling method, a validated questionnaire was completed anonymously by ...

BACKGROUND Recent declines in US cigarette smoking prevalence have coincided with increases in use of other tobacco products. Multiple product tobacco models can help assess the population health impacts associated with use of a wide range of tobacco products. METHODS AND FINDINGS We present a multi-state, dynamical systems population structure model that can be used to assess the effects of ...