Bend sensors have been developed based on conductive ink, optical fiber, and electronic textiles. Each type has advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance, ease of use, and cost. This study proposes a new and low-cost bend sensor that can measure a wide range of accumulated bend angles with large curvatures. This bend sensor utilizes a Bowden-cable, which consists of a coil sheath and...

Compacting orthogonal drawings is a challenging task. Usually algorithms try to compute drawings with small area or edge length while preserving the underlying orthogonal shape. We present a onedimensional compaction algorithm that alters the orthogonal shape of edges for better geometric results. An experimental evaluation shows that we were able to reduce the total edge length and the drawing...

node naming function, 121abstract window toolkit, see AWTacyclic graph, 29API, 260application initializer plug-in, 305application library, 284application programming interface, see APIassociation class, 202, 236association classifier, 14, 205automatic documentation, 27AWT, 303 BDP, 156bend, 54, 137, 233bipartite crossing numbers, 163bipartite ...

This paper discusses the calculation of bend minimal shapes for non-planar graphs with given topology. Based on the Simple-Kandinsky drawing standard – a simplification of the more complex Kandinsky standard – we show the disadvantage of using standard models for this task: We show that the minimal bend count is suboptimal, when these models are applied to non-planar graphs; it is therefore ben...

In octilinear drawings of planar graphs, every edge is drawn as an alternating sequence of horizontal, vertical and diagonal (45◦) line-segments. In this paper, we study octilinear drawings of low edge complexity, i.e., with few bends per edge. A k-planar graph is a planar graph in which each vertex has degree less or equal to k. In particular, we prove that every 4-planar graph admits a planar...

In dry lands, semi-circular bund has been considered as a management practice used to restore the ecological revival in terms of vegetation enrichment and soil amelioration. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of semi-circular bunds on vegetation cover and some soil properties in Koteh rangeland, Sistan and Baloochestan province, Iran (2014). Adjacent to the semi-circular bund a...

A rigorous classical analytic model of confined optical wave propagation along 2-D bent slab waveguides and curved dielectric interfaces is investigated, based on a piecewise frequency domain ansatz for bend mode profiles in terms of Bessel and Hankel functions. This approach provides a clear picture of the behaviour of bend modes, concerning their decay for large radial arguments or effects of...