This paper outlines a decision-support model based on Evidential Reasoning (ER) and Cost–Benefit-Analysis (CBA) to support the assessment of risk control measures for pipeline loss containment following third party damage. The identifies main Risk Control Options (RCOs) as basic attributes, which are grouped into three categories: technical or technological, governmental, managerial solutions. ...

4-Chlorobenzoate:coenzyme A ligase (4-CBA:CoA ligase) catalyzes the first step of the 4-CBA degradation pathway of Pseudomonas sp. strain CBS3. In this reaction, 4-CBA-CoA thioester synthesis is coupled to ATP cleavage. The studies described in this paper examine the intermediacy of 4-chlorobenzoyl-adenosine 5'phosphate diester (4-CBA-AMP) in the ligase reaction. The 4-CBA-AMP adduct was isolat...

Influenced by research designed to examine the effects of formative assessment on academic content learning (e.g., math) in mainstream classrooms (Black & Wiliam, 1998; Sadler, 1989; Wiliam, 2011), many second and foreign language assessment (L2) researchers (e.g., Genesee & Upshur, 1996; Leung, 2004; McNamara, 2001; Purpura, 2004; Rea-Dickens, 2008; Shohamy, 1998; Turner, 2012) have highlighte...

Sensor nodes deployed at hostile environments suffer compromise node attacks, in which an adversary injects counterfeit data into the sink causing error detection at upper level and energy wastage in en-route sensor nodes. A novel authentication scheme known as, Cooperative BitCompressed Authentication (CBA) is based on random graph characteristic of sensor node deployment and a cooperative bit...

Antigens have been classified previously into three categories, thymus-dependent (TD), thymus-independent type (TI) 1, and TI-2, based upon thymic dependence and ability to stimulate an immunodeficient strain of mouse, CBA/N. Here we demonstrate that the different antigen classes elicit IgG antibodies of different subclasses. TD antigens stimulate predominantly IgG1 antibodies, with smaller amo...

Cost-based abduction (CBA) is an important NPhard problem in automated reasoning. In this formalism, evidence to be explained is treated as a goal to be proven. Proofs have costs based on how much needs to be assumed to complete the proof, and the set of assumptions needed to complete the leastcost proof are taken as the best explanation for the given evidence. In this paper, we present a conne...

A new design method for frontier contexts is given a classroom assessment. The method adds the formal consideration of the design context to traditional customer needs assessment. Testing under both controlled and classroom conditions shows the new method is extremely effective, easy to use and well received by students. Implementation at three US schools has shown positive results signifying b...

The Objective (Target) of this project was to prescribe a pre-screen test mailing program using a combination of a “Risk Score” and Specific Credit Bureau Attributes (CBA). CBA variables chosen were predictive of accounts that generate revenue in the Top 50% of the Company’s customer portfolio, have acceptable delinquency levels and have a “Risk Score” less than what is normally acceptable. A r...

To optimize queries in relational databases, two categories of optimization techniques have been proposed : the Rule-Based Approach (RBA), and the Cost-Based Approach (CBA). In the RBA, the optimizer uses rule transformations using the relational algebra. In the CBA, the optimizer uses a cost model to estimate the potential cost of each operation using statistics about the database and the tabl...

How to share responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions between consumers and producers is a highly sensitive question in international climate policy negotiations. Traditional ‘Production-Based Accounting’ (PBA), which assigns responisibility the region where are released, has frequently been challenged by ‘Consumption-Based (CBA) schemes that suggest generated produce traded goods services s...