Clematichinenoside AR (C-AR) is a triterpene saponin isolated from the root of Clematis manshurica Rupr., which is a herbal medicine used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of arthritis. C-AR exerts anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, but little is known about its action in the suppression of fibroblast activation. Low oxygen tension and transforming growth factor...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ranunculaceae has a prominent phylogenetic position in Ranunculales which appears at the base of eudicots. The aims of the present paper are to reveal the features of ovule morphogenesis in different taxa and gain a better understanding of the systematics of Ranunculaceae. METHODS Flowers of 17 species from three subfamilies, nine tribes and 16 genera of Ranunculaceae, at ...

Clematis is a perennial ornamental vine known as the “Vine Queen” for its gorgeous floral color and rich flower shape. tientaiensis, an endangered plant, key protected wild plant rare breeding parent of because extremely high value. Light environment one important environmental factors affecting space distribution size C. tientaiensis population. One-year-old homogenous healthy potted plants we...

OBJECTIVES Coxsackievirus A group 16 strain (CVA16) is one of the predominant causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). METHODS Using a specimen from a male patient with HFMD, we isolated and performed sequencing of the Korean CVA16 strain and compared it with a G10 reference strain. Also, we were investigated the effects of medicinal plant extract on the cytopathic effects (C...