While research on T cell exhaustion in context of cancer particularly focuses on CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, the role of inhibitory receptors on CD4+ T-helper cells have remained largely unexplored. TIGIT is a recently identified inhibitory receptor on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we examined TIGIT expression on T cell subsets from CLL patients. While we did not observe any...

Recently, we detected that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-cell-derived microvesicles in CLL plasma carry a constitutively phosphorylated novel receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Axl, indicating that Axl was acquired from the leukemic B cells. To examine Axl status in CLL, we determined the expression of phosphorylated-Axl (P-Axl) in freshly isolated CLL B cells by Western blot analysis. We d...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent form of leukemia in adults in western countries. A genome scan of CLL-prone families revealed a lod score of one in band 13q22.1. To investigate this finding, we selected 6 CLL families consisting of 63 individuals (CLL affected, n=19; unaffected, n=44) for fine mapping of a 23-megabase region in 13q14.2-q22.2. Interphase fluorescence in ...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients are at high risk for infections. The pathogenesis of infection in patients with this leukemia is complex and multifactorial. Patients with CLL have a number of immune system defects, including disordered B-cell function with decreased production of normal B-cells and abnormal production of immunoglobulins, suppressed T-cell function and neutropenia. O...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is an indolent small B-cell neoplasm that may transform into a clinically aggressive disease, namely Richter syndrome, usually as diffuse large lymphoma. Besides, CLL/SLL encompasses increased risk of developing other secondary cancers, including variety T-cell lymphomas, often the anaplastic large-cell type or with cytotoxic phenotype. Here...

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of in adults and remains an incurable disease. Many patients with CLL are affected by non-malignant complications, including infectious diseases, as witnessed during past years, very high COVID-19 mortality rates. Accumulating data indicate that T cells might become exhausted CLL, which be a contributing factor to poor control ...

Major advances have occurred in our understanding of the biology, immunology, and opportunities for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in recent times. Surface antigen analysis has helped us define classical CLL and differentiate it from variants such as marginal zone leukemia, mantle cell leukemia, and prolymphocytic leukemia. An important observation has been that the B-cells in ...

Abstract The federal mortgage policy, the conforming loan limit (CLL), was spatially uniform before 2008 crisis, despite remarkable heterogeneity across geography. I show that in areas experienced a larger decline jumbo share following an increase CLL, lenders raised approval rates, lowered rates to defend short-term market share, extended credit riskier borrowers, and incurred deteriorated ass...

Sequencing studies have been instrumental in understanding the genetic basis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our recent whole-genome sequencing study focusing on lower cytogenetic risk CLL demonstrated that CLL mutations can be attributed to 3 key mutational processes-2 types of activation induced-cytidine deaminase (AID) signatures and an aging signature-that operate at different times ...

The heritability of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is relatively high; however, no predisposing mutation has been convincingly identified. We show that loss or reduced expression of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) underlies cases of heritable predisposition to CLL and the majority of sporadic CLL. Epigenetic silencing of DAPK1 by promoter methylation occurs in almost all sp...