High amounts of waste paper are disposed of every year in Iran posing the health hazard and environmental damages instead of being recovered. Collection, recovery and proper disposal of waste paper without damaging the environment need to design an efficient closed-loop supply chain network. The main objective of this paper is introducing a bi-objective, multi-echelon, multi-product and single-...

BACKGROUND Numerous techniques for reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligaments have been developed to treat acromioclavicular joint separations. A new, stronger method to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligaments using semitendinosus tendon allografts has been previously described. No outcome studies have been published on this new procedure. HYPOTHESIS Reconstruction of the coracoclavi...

CONTEXT Closed kinetic chain exercises are an integral part of rehabilitation programs after lower extremity injury. Sex differences in lower extremity kinematics have been reported during landing and cutting; however, less is known about sex differences in movement patterns and activation of the hip musculature during common lower extremity rehabilitation exercises. OBJECTIVE To determine wh...

Recent papers in the concept of Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) have seen a rapid development in applying the stochastic models to get closer to real-world applications. Regaring the special characteristics of each product, the stracture of SCND varies. In tire industry, the recycling and remanufacturing of scraped tires lead to design a closed-loop supply chain. This paper proposes a two-st...

Objectives. To examine what changes are caused in the activity of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) at the time of sling-based exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and compare the muscular activations in patients with PFPS among the sling-based exercises. Methods. This was a cross-over study. Sling-based open and closed kinetic knee extension ...

in this paper, firstly by using a mixed linear programming a new model of locating facilities with limited capacity is presented to design a closed-loop supply chain in a multi-product and multi-period mode. then, using a robust optimization approach, the proposed model decreases in non-deterministic expansion. the results show that the proposed model can handle facility capacity in a closed lo...

BACKGROUND Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition affecting the posterior region of the proximal patellar tendon, but the reason for this typical location remains unclear. HYPOTHESIS The posterior region of the proximal patellar tendon is subjected to greater tendinous forces than is the corresponding anterior region. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHOD An optic fiber t...

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of three normalization methods for analyzing hip abductor activation during rehabilitation exercises. Thirteen healthy subjects performed three open kinetic chain and three closed kinetic chain hip abductor exercises. Surface EMG activity for the gluteus medius was collected during each exercise and normalized based on a maximum volunta...

Recently, with the environmental crisis, Green supply chain management (or GSCM), and in particular closed loop supply chain model, has received considerable attention by researchers. Closed loop supply chain model aims at reduction of waste and generating profit for enterprises through integrating forward and reverse logistics. Unfortunately, there is limited research on general models for clo...

Suspension exercises are functional that combine closed kinetic chain with an unstable environment as alternative to traditional strengthening exercises. The specific effects of suspension on muscular activities must be better understood. Therefore, this review aimed compare the different muscles in their counterparts. For purpose, a search was conducted using Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Coch...