Multicast protocols in MANETs must consider control overhead for maintenance, energy efficiency of nodes and routing trees managements to frequent changes of network topology. Now-adays Multicast protocols extended with Cluster based approach. Cluster based multicast tree formation is still research issues. The tree reconstruction of cluster-based multicast routing protocol will take place if a...

A cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) is a wireless sensor network whose sensor nodes are equipped with cognitive radio capability. Clustering is one of the most challenging issues in CRSNs, as all sensor nodes, including the cluster head, have to use the same frequency band in order to form a cluster. However, due to the nature of heterogeneous channels in cognitive radio, it is difficult fo...

This paper presents an effective algorithm for selecting cluster heads in mobile ad hoc networks using ant colony optimization. A cluster in an ad hoc network consists of a cluster head and cluster members which are at one hop away from the cluster head. The cluster head allocates the resources to its cluster members. Clustering in MANET is done to reduce the communication overhead and thereby ...

One of the most important and typical application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is target tracking. Although target tracking, can provide benefits for large-scale WSNs and organize them into clusters but tracking a moving target in cluster-based WSNs suffers a boundary problem. The main goal of this paper was to introduce an efficient and novel mobility management protocol namely Target Tr...

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), because of the absence of physical protection, the wireless connections are prone to different type of attacks. Therefore, security is a measure concern in WSN. Hence to provide security, Hierarchical and Dynamic Elliptic curve cryptosystem (HiDE) scheme is proposed. To serve a large amount of sensors, HiDE provides a hierarchical cluster-based framework consi...

This paper presents stress and strain analysis of outer shaft shoulder (OSS) and inner shaft shoulder (ISS) of a new paddy harvesting head (PHH) using finite element method (FEM). Snapping grain unit is a part of this head, with OSS and ISS as its members. The analysis was performed using the ABAQUS software with Dynamics Explicit Solution Method. Eight-node block and four-node tetrahedral elem...

Wireless sensor networks have been a very important means in forest monitoring applications. A clustered network comprises set of cluster members and one head. The are normally located close to each other, with overlaps among their sensing coverage within the cluster. concurrently detect same event send Cluster Head node. This is where data aggregation deployed remove redundant at cost accuracy...

We propose ERoS, an energy-efficient protocol that greatly improves the lifetime of cluster-based wireless sensor networks. The central idea in ERoS is to restrict the cluster head to cluster management, and offload aggregation and transmission functions from the cluster head to other appropriately chosen nodes. Cluster heads are self-selected randomly in ERoS, using a single probability parame...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) defined as a group of spatially dispersed and committed sensors for sensing and recording the physical situation of the environment and arrange the collected data at a base station. WSNs measure environmental surroundings like temperature level, sound effect, pollution levels, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure condition, etc. Sensor network is battery po...

In numerous applications, self-organizing property of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is an important characteristic. It calls for decompositions of the network into clusters of desirable bound. Cluster based WSN can enhance the whole networks lifetime. In every cluster, the cluster head (CH) plays an important role in aggregating and forwarding data sensed by other non-leader nodes. A major iss...