Standardization efforts in e-learning are mainly aimed at achieving interoperability among Learning Management Systems (LMSs) and Learning Object (LO) authoring tools. In particular, the main standard producers are giving special attention to a set of functionalities, referred to as Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) and also known as SCORM Run-Time Environment. Their adoption is crucial in the...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate optic nerve head with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with Chiari I malformation (CMI) compared to healthy controls. METHODS Cross-sectional study. OCT of the optic nerve head of 22 patients with CMI and 22 healthy controls was quantitatively analyzed. The healthy controls were matched for age and sex with the study population. Mean r...

BACKGROUND People with mental illness are at increased risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation, but little is known about their risk for different forms of IPV, related health impact and help-seeking. AIMS To estimate the odds for past-year IPV, related impact and disclosure among people with and without pre-existing chronic mental illness (CMI). METHOD We analysed data from 2...

Cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) topology is prevalent in many applications. However, the CMI requires switches and isolated dc sources, which main drawback of this type inverter. As a result, volume, cost complexity are increased efficiency deteriorated. This paper thus proposes switched-capacitor-based with half-bridge cells only one source. Compared to conventional CMI, proposed uses almos...

Leprosy diagnosis is based mainly on clinical manifestations and no laboratory test is available to diagnose asymptomatic disease or to predict disease progression among exposed individuals. Novel comparative genomic in silico analyses and molecular biology tools have discovered unique Mycobacterium leprae proteins with potential diagnostic application. Tuberculoid paucibacillary leprosy (PB) s...

AIMS The coronary artery ligation model in rodents mimics human myocardial infarction (MI). Normally mechanical ventilation and prolonged anesthesia period are needed. Recently, a method has been developed to create MI by popping-out the heart (without ventilation) followed by immediate suture ligation. Mortality is high due to the time-consuming suture ligation process while the heart is expos...

State tobacco prevention and control programs (TCPs) require a fully functioning infrastructure to respond effectively to the Surgeon General's call for accelerating the national reduction in tobacco use. The literature describes common elements of infrastructure; however, a lack of valid and reliable measures has made it difficult for program planners to monitor relevant infrastructure indicat...

Chronic groin pain in athletes represents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in sports medicine. Two recognized causes of inguinal pain in the young adult athlete are core muscle injury/athletic pubalgia (CMI/AP) and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). CMI/AP and FAI were previously considered to be two distinct entities; however, recent studies have suggested both entities to frequen...

Roughly a million cases of herpes zoster (HZ) occur annually in US adults, and nearly one third of these patients will experience postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) lasting for ≥1 month [1]. The burden of HZ is strongly influenced by age: the incidence of HZ increases many fold throughout adulthood, and among adults who experience HZ, the risk that PHN will develop increases several fold more after t...

Veterans who have been deployed to combat often have complex medical histories including some combination of traumatic brain injury (TBI); mental health problems; and other chronic, medically unexplained symptoms (i.e., chronic multisymptom illness [CMI] clusters). How these multiple pathologies relate to functional health is unclear. In the current study, 120 Veterans (across multiple combat c...