Glial cells play a role in many important processes, though the mechanisms through which they affect neighboring are not fully known. Insights may be gained by selectively activating glial cell populations intact organisms utilizing activatable channel proteins rhodopsin (ChR2XXL) and TRPA1. Here, impacts of glial-specific expression these channels were examined both larval adult Drosophila. Th...

The complement pathway is a major component of the innate immune system, which critical for recognizing and clearing pathogens that rapidly react to defend body against external pathogens. Many components this are expressed throughout brain play beneficial role in synaptic pruning developing central nervous system (CNS). However, excessive complement-mediated aging or injured may contributing w...

In central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and related NMO-spectrum disorders (NMO-SD), a pathogenic role for antibodies is primarily projected into enhancing ongoing CNS inflammation by directly binding to target antigens within the CNS. This scenario is supported at least in part, by antibodies in conjunction with compl...

Abstract Background Little is known about HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance in the CNS. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate CSF, as a marker of CNS, and compare it with plasma. Methods HIV was sequenced both plasma CSF for 59 patients. The clinical biological data were collected from routine care. Results Among patients, 32 (54.2%) under antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. median (IQR) RNA v...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation. extracellular matrix (ecm) have important role in the central nervous system (cns). alterations are happening to the ecm after the cns disorder like ms, alzheimer and other neural injury. tenasin-c (tnc) is a glycoprotein that is highly expressed in inflammatory conditions of the cns...

abstract background: a tumefactive lesion of central nervous system (cns) is defined as a mass-like lesion with a size greater than 2 cm in brain (magnetic resonance imaging) mri. neuroimaging may help to distinguish the nature of a tumefactive lesion and therefore can prevent an unnecessary brain biopsy. method: in this paper, we have emphasized on determining the nature of a cns tumefactive l...

While the central nervous system (CNS) was once thought to be immune privileged, more recent data support that certain areas of the healthy CNS are routinely patrolled by immune cells. Further, antigen drainage is another means by which the adaptive arm of the immune system can gain information about the health of the CNS. Altogether these ensure that the CNS is not beyond the scope of immune p...

This paper focuses on the synthesis and mechanism of carbon nanospheres (CNS) coated with fewand multi-layered graphene (FLG, MLG). The graphitic carbon encapsulates the core/shell structure of the Ni/NiO nanoparticles via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The application of the resulting CNS and hybrids of CNS-FLG and CNS-MLG as reinforcement nanofillers in a polypropylene (PP) matri...

PURPOSE Homing of malignant lymphocytes to the central nervous system (CNS) may play a role in the pathogenesis of CNS lymphoma. In this study, we evaluated the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with CNS lymphoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples from 30 patients with CNS lymphoma (23 with primary and 7 with secondary CNS lymphoma; all B-cell lymph...

Collaborative networks and systems (CNS) have received much attention in recent decades to reach a competitive advantage [...]