abstract objective tumors of the central nervous system constitute the largest group of solid neoplasms in children and are second only to leukemia in their overall frequency during childhood. the main purpose of the present study is to determine the incidence, age, sex, location and histological diagnosis of cns tumors in children, less than 15 years of age, in the mofid children's hospital, i...

Nicotine, the major component of tobacco smoke (TS) and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vape, has been reported in some cases to be prodromal cerebrovascular toxicity as well a promoting factor for onset various neurological diseases. In conditions, pre-exposure nicotine can lead state compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, including altered BBB-related protein expression, BBB leakage, d...

Cystatin C Leu68Gln variant is known to induce amyloid deposition in cerebral arterioles, resulting in Icelandic type cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Wild-type cystatin C is also observed in solitary CAA involving amyloid beta protein (Abeta), and accelerates the amyloidogenicity of Abeta in vitro. In neurological inflammatory diseases and leptomeningeal metastasis, low cystatin C levels are...

The central nervous system demyelinating diseases are a group of disorders with different etiologies, characterized by inflammatory lesions that are associated with loss of myelin and eventually axonal damage. In this group the most studied ones are multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optic (NMO) and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). The cerebrospinal fluid is essential to differe...

Published: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2014 Oct;35(10):537-547. doi: 1 10.1016/j.tips.2014.08.002. 2 3 Trends in Pharmacological Science – accepted version 4 5 P2X7 receptor: an emerging target in CNS diseases 6 7 by Beata Sperlagh and Peter Illes 8 9 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian 10 Academy of Sciences, H-1450 Budapest, Hungary and Rudolf-Boehm-Institute 1...

The field of neuronal autoantibody associated diseases of the central nervous system has expanded dramatically in the last few years. The range of identified neuronal and glial antibody targets has led to the accurate classification of a number of syndromes which each associate with characteristic clinical features. These diseases are especially important due to their frequent response to immun...

Stem cells have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke and animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We compared human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, a conditionally immortalized human stem cell line from fetal spinal cord (SPC-01) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursors (iPS-NPs) for their capa...

Congenital CNS abnormalities have been targets for prenatal intervention since the founding of fetal surgery 30 years ago, but with historically variable results. Open fetal neurosurgery for myelomenigocele has demonstrated the most promising results of any CNS malformation. Improvements in the understanding of congenital diseases and in fetal surgical techniques have reopened the door to apply...

Traumatic injury or disease of the spinal cord and brain elicits multiple cellular and biochemical reactions that together cause or are associated with neuropathology. Specifically, injury or disease elicits acute infiltration and activation of immune cells, death of neurons and glia, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the secretion of substrates that inhibit axon regeneration. In some diseases, in...

Neuroimaging has become an indispensable tool in understanding the regions of susceptibility , progression of disease, and therapeutic effectiveness for the management of neurologic diseases in humans. Metabolic diseases are recognized more frequently now as the biochemical basis is understood better. In addition, and as illustrated in this issue of the AJNR [1-3] , clinicians can benefit immen...