Objective(s): TLR-4 activates a number of inflammatory signaling pathways. Also, AMPK could be involved in anti-inflammatory signaling. The aim of this study was to identify whether stimulation of AMPK could inhibit LPS-induced Tlr-4 gene expression in mice hearts. Materials and methods: Heart AMPK activity and/or Tlr-4 expression was stimulated in different mice groups, using respectively IP i...

Co-expression of enzymes allow to produce multiple in a single host, representing cost-effective alternative biocatalytic processes which can be used for pectin bioconversion. Pectin-rich biomass is an abundant by-product from the fruit and sugar industries that usually disposed landfill or sold as low value feedstock. The aim this work was co-express thermophilic methyl esterase (PME) exo-poly...

Background: Pilot and large-scale production of recombinant proteins requires the presence of stable clones capable of producing large quantities of recombinant proteins. Not only the process of selecting stable clones is time consuming, but also the continuous culturing of clones in large-scale production may cause loss of incoming plasmid and recombinant genes. Thus, considering the advanceme...

  Background :Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside that has a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system. The amphetamine derivative (±)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally to obtain an enhanced affiliated emotional response. MDMA is a potent monoaminergic neurotoxin with the potential of damage to brain neu...

As an aromatic and colorful plant of substantive taste, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) owes such properties of matter to growing class of the secondary metabolites derived from the carotenoids, apocarotenoids. Regarding the critical role of microRNAs in secondary metabolic synthesis and the limited number of identified miRNAs in C. sativus, on the other hand, one may see the point how the characte...

Background: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSC) are appropriate source of multipotent stem cells that are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. It can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells under appropriate conditions. This study examined the effectiveness of co-stimulation of creatine and retinoic acid in increasing the differentiation of BMSC into GABAergic neuron-lik...

arsenic trioxide (ato) has been reported to induce apoptosis in leukemic cells of acute promyelo-cytic leukemia (apl) patients through different pathways. however, the exact mechanism of ato-induced apoptosis is not yet clear. co stimulation of death receptors cd30 and tumor necrosis factor receptor type one (tnfr-i) is one of the postulated mechanisms.in the present study we aimed to evaluate ...

The analysis of gene expression data has shown that transcriptionally coordinated (co-expressed) genes are often functionally related, enabling scientists to use expression data in gene function prediction. This Focused Review discusses our original paper (Large-scale co-expression approach to dissect secondary cell wall formation across plant species, Frontiers in Plant Science 2:23). In this ...

we introduce and  study  fuzzy (co-)inner product and fuzzy(co-)norm of hyperspaces. in this regard by considering  the notionof hyperspaces, as a generalization of vector spaces, first we willintroduce the notion of fuzzy (co-)inner product in hyperspaces and will apply it to formulate the notions offuzzy (co-)norm and fuzzy (co-)orthogonality  in hyperspaces. inparticular, we will prove that ...