Considering the strategic importance of coastal areas from various aspects, their protection against waves is a coast management necessity. Since long ago, strong coastal structures have protected coasts, but since they disturb the coastal ecosystem balance, effort has been made to use them less or make them more compatible with the coast. This research is specifically aimed to estimate the eff...

This paper addresses the issue of possible land use strategies and responses in coastal zones as a consequence of global environmental change. It will first set out some key elements in global change that are of critical importance for the water and land management in such areas. Next, it will map out in more detail the various environmental and socio-economic repercussions of such megatrends. ...

Sulfate-containing aerosol (SCA) dry deposition at the highway intersection, coastal location, and suburban area in Taiwan were analyzed and compared. Sampling was accomplished with a surrogate surface technique. Samples particles were coated with barium chloride (BaCl(2)) in a vacuum evaporator and then exposed to a relative humidity of 85% for 2 h to form distinctive products of SCAs. Treated...

Background: Indonesia is a country consisting of islands and oceans that are rich in potential natural resources. Abundant marine products make the Indonesian people empower fish catches into long-lasting salted processed foods. People living coastal areas have high level consumption seafood products, such as fish. Consuming one factors causing incidence nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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The interaction between ocean waves and winds can be separated into two main analyses. A first considers the wind as primary wave generator. mechanism through which exerts stresses to water surface that combined with gravity forces produce oscillatory flow known waves, is relatively well documented theoretically (Blennerhassett 1980), experimentally (Plate et al. 1969) numerically (Liu 2016). O...

in the past 25 years, rising of the caspian sea level, part of a natural treat to the sea, has inundated and destroyed many buildings and arable lands and threatened many inhabitations in coastal areas. the main reason for these damages is that the law-setback has lost its efficiency and human activities have proceeded seaward. the goal of this study is to introduce a proper setback line for th...

extended abstractintroductiontoday, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments these towns have and all important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. coastal areas and the cities located in they are economically very important in terms of the environment, sensitive to many of factors influencing and physically, against a variety of natural haza...