We measured morphine and codeine in commercially available poppy seeds and in serum and urine samples from healthy adults who had ingested these poppy seeds. Four brands of black poppy seeds, examined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) with deuterated internal standards, contained from 17 to 294 of morphine and 3 to 14 g of codeine per gram of seeds. Morphine was detected by GC-MS ...

The objectives of this study were to compare the drug-metabolizing activity of human CYP2D6.24 (I297L), CYP2D6.26 (I369T), and CYP2D6.27 (E410K) allelic isoforms with wild-type CYP2D6.1 and to express the CYP2D7 protein derived from an indel polymorphism (CYP2D7 138delT) and investigate its possible codeine O-demethylase activity. Successful creation of individual cDNAs corresponding to CYP2D6*...

IMPORTANCE Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic whose use has increased rapidly, and it has been associated with adverse events of hypoglycemia. OBJECTIVE To assess whether tramadol use, when compared with codeine use, is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for hypoglycemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A nested case-control analysis was conducted within the United King...

The specificity of a GC/MS assay of morphine and codeine was examined with particular regard to the potential interference due to hydromorphone and hydrocodone, compounds that cross-react extensively in opiate screening tests. A GC/MS method with solid-phase extraction and acetylation or trimethylsilylation was used. The equilibrium between keto and enol forms of the potential interferents was ...

Several therapeutic effects including hypnotic, antispasmodic, treatment of abdominal and chest pain and strengthening the heart have been described for the flowers of Rosa damascena. North American Indian tribes use a decoction of the roots obtained from the Rosa damascena plant as a cough remedy and to treat eye problem. Therefore, in the present study the antitussive effect of this plant in ...

Two female laboratory workers aged 38 and 58 years were employed for 18 and 7months, respectively, in a pharmaceutical company that manufactures several opiates. Both handled morphine and codeine. The first one also worked with dihydrocodeine, and the second one with naltrexone. Both developed papulovesicular contact dermatitis with an airborne pattern. Patch tests were performed according to I...

Codeine, a weak opiate, requires increased pharmacovigilance relating to availability, heterogeneous nature of misuse, dependence and associated harm. A scoping review of literature on codeine was conducted using Arksey & O'Malley's framework (1). Databases searched included PubMed, EBSCO Host, Science Direct, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane library and Medline from 1994 to 2014. Follow-up search st...