Perceptual learning mechanisms derived from Hebb’s theory of cell assemblies can generate prototypic representations capable of extending the representational power of TEC event codes. The extended capability includes categorization that accommodates “family resemblances” and problem solving that uses cognitive maps. It was almost 60 years ago that the brilliant Cambridge psychologist K. J. W. ...

Cognitive penetration of perception is the idea that what we see (hear, taste, etc.) is influenced by such “cognitive” states as beliefs, expectations, and so on. A perceptual belief that results from cognitive penetration may be less justified than a nonpenetrated one. Inferentialism is a kind of internalist view that tries to account for this by claiming that (a) experiences are epistemically...

Cognitive Penetration: cognitive penetration is possible iff it is possible for two subjects to have experiences which differ in content and/or phenomenal character, where this difference is the result of a causal process that traces more or less directly to states in the subjects’ cognitive system, and where we hold fixed the the perceptual stimuli, the condition of the subjects’ sensory organ...

The motivation of this psychology literature study is to obtain modality related guidelines for real-time information presentation in crisis management environment. The crisis management task is usually companied by time urgency, risk, uncertainty, and high information density. Decision makers (crisis managers) might undergo cognitive overload and tend to show biases in their performances. Ther...