Two mitochondrial DNA segments of the bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of these segments were used for the genetic stock study. The variation in a segment flanking the ATPase and COIII genes was low; only two genotypes (alpha and beta) were detected by RsaI digestion. Yet a large differen...

The resolutions of metal-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol chelates by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) were investigated in the presence of some interacting reagents; also, equilibrium reactions between the chelates and the interacting reagents were analyzed in an aqueous solution. Among nine metal chelates formed in aqueous solution, the chelates of VV, FeII, CoIII, NiII, and CuII were resolved ...

A large number of studies in evolutionary biology utilize phylogenetic information obtained from mitochondrial DNA. Researchers place trust in this molecule and expect it generally to be a reliable marker for addressing questions ranging from population genetics to phylogenies among distantly related lineages. Yet, regardless of the phylogenetic method and weighting treatment, individual mitoch...

Data obtained from alignments of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial (mt) DNA molecules of the nematode worms Ascaris suum and Caenorhabditis elegans indicate that in six of the mt-protein genes of A. suum and three of the mt-protein genes of C. elegans TTG is used as the translation initiation codon. Also, GTT seems to be the translation initiation codon of the A. suum COIII gene. All of the...

Despite more than a century of debate, the evolutionary position of turtles (Testudines) relative to other amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) remains uncertain. One of the major impediments to resolving this important evolutionary problem is the highly distinctive and enigmatic morphology of turtles that led to their traditional placement apart from diapsid reptiles as sole descendants of ...

A history of Pleistocene population expansion has been inferred from the frequency spectrum of polymorphism in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of many human populations. Similar patterns are not typically observed for autosomal and X-linked loci. One explanation for this discrepancy is a recent population bottleneck, with different rates of recovery for haploid and autosomal loci as a result of t...

The complete mitogenome of the horse stomach bot fly Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius) and a near-complete mitogenome of Wohlfahrt's wound myiasis fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) were sequenced. The mitogenomes contain the typical 37 mitogenes found in metazoans, organized in the same order and orientation as in other cyclorrhaphan Diptera. Phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomes from 38 calyp...

The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule of the gorilla was sequenced. The entire sequence, 16,412 nucleotides, was determined by analysis of natural (not polymerase chain reaction) restriction fragments covering the whole molecule. The sequence was established from one individual and thus nonchimeric. After comparison with the COII gene of gorilla specimens with known geographical origi...

in this research work, a novel parallel manipulator with high positioning and orienting rate is introduced. this mechanism has two rotational and one translational degree of freedom. kinematics and jacobian analysis are investigated. moreover, workspace analysis and optimization has been performed by using genetic algorithm toolbox in matlab software. because of decreasing moving elements, it i...

introduction multiple dentigerous cysts are rare and mostly associated with syndromes. case presentation the present case report is unique, as the dentigerous cysts enclosed the lateral incisor, canine, first and second premolars of the mandible and were accompanied by a complex odontoma, instead of first mandibular molar. conclusions multiple unilateral nosyndromic dentigerous cysts with compl...