We discuss four variants of the graph colouring problem, and present algorithms for solving them. The problems are k-Colourability, Max Ind k-COL, Max Val k-COL, and, finally, Max k-COL, which is the unweighted case of the Max k-Cut problem. The algorithms are based on the idea of partitioning the domain of the problems into disjoint subsets, and then considering all possible instances were the...

In this paper we consider the following type of game: two players must color the vertices of a given graph G = (V, E), in a prescribed order, in such a way that no two adjacent vertices are colored with the same color. In one variant, the first player which is unable to move loses the game. In another variant, player 1 wins the game, if and only if the game ends with all vertices colored. In th...

The College of Letters (COL) is a three-year interdisciplinary major for the study of European literature, history, and philosophy, from antiquity to the present. During these three years, students participate as a cohort in a series of five colloquia in which they read and discuss (in English) major literary, philosophical, and historical texts and concepts drawn from the three disciplinary fi...

The College of Letters (COL) is a three-year interdisciplinary major for the study of European literature, history, and philosophy, from antiquity to the present. During these three years, students participate as a cohort in a series of five colloquia in which they read and discuss (in English) major literary, philosophical, and historical texts and concepts drawn from the three disciplinary fi...

Malignant ovarian tumors may represent either primary ovarian cancers or metastatic lesions (from patients with demonstrated primary cancers at other body sites) whose distinction may be difficult using clinical, surgical, and pathological criteria. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) COL-4, reactive with carcinoembryonic antigen, has previously been shown to react preferentially with adenocarcinomas of ...

INTRODUCTION Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in preventing autoimmune diseases and are an ideal target for the development of therapies designed to suppress inflammation in an antigen-specific manner. Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells are defined by their capacity to produce high levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10), which contributes to their ability to suppress pathological immune res...

BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is the result of continuous liver injury stemming from different etiological factors. Bile duct injury induces an altered expression of TGF-beta, which has an important role in liver fibrosis because this cytokine induces the expression of target genes such as collagens, PAI-1, TIMPs, and others that lead to extracellular matrix deposition. Smad7 is the principal inhib...

BACKGROUND Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for fabricating micro- and nanofiber matrices. Electrospun fibre matrices have numerous advantages for use as tissue engineering scaffolds, such as high surface area-to-volume ratio, mass production capability and structural similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, electrospun matrices, which are composed of bio...

E3 colicinogenic cells are immune to colicin E3. A protein called "E3 immunity protein" was previously isolated from E3 colicinogenic cells and shown to prevent the E3-induced in vitro inactivation of ribosomes. We now show that the structural gene for E3 immunity protein resides on the Col E3 plasmid, a plasmid which is present in E3 colicinogenic cells and carries the structural gene for coli...