Thyroid nodules are frequently found. Although they are often palpable, many are found incidentally during unrelated radiographic studies. Ten to 15% of thyroid nodules represents thyroid malignancy. Clinician suc as an internist/endocrinologist have to  classify the nodule, stratify the risk of thyroid cancer, performed a diagnostic work-up, provide medical / non-surgical therapy, select candi...

The Zenker’s diverticulum is the most common of esophagus. It commonly occurs at pharyngoesophageal junction that can appear in proximity to thyroid gland. food remnants or gas bubbles present may mimic microcalcifications presented papillary carcinoma on ultrasonography. Therefore, it important be able differentiate between and malignant nodule. author reported a case mimicking nodule

to occur. Bile also provides a good medium for bacterial growth and so infective sequelae often occur in the setting of a cholethorax. Biliary pleural fistulas and the formation of bilious pleural effusions are known complications of hepatic trauma 1,2 , parasitic liver disease 3 and development of a subphrenic abscess in the setting of biliary obstruction. Iatrogenic causes include biliary ste...

OBJECTIVE After the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP), the incidence of thyroid cancer increased among children. Recently, a strong relationship between solid thyroid nodules and the incidence of thyroid cancer was shown in atomic bomb survivors. To assess the prognosis of benign thyroid nodules in individuals living in the Zhitomir region of Ukraine, around the CNPP, we cond...

follicular thyroid carcinoma (ftc) is the second most common type of thyroid cancer after papillary carcinoma. it usually grows slowly and is clinically indolent; but rarely, its aggressive forms with distant metastases can occur. we report here an uncommon case of bilateral orbital metastasis of ftc. a 70-year-old woman presented with bilateral exophtalmus and past medical history of thyroid n...

The patient is a 55-year-old female with a history of multinodular goiter. She was followed for several years for a dominant left-sided superior pole thyroid nodule. Several prior fine needle aspiration biopsies had been performed. All were consistent with the diagnosis of degenerative colloid nodule. Eventually she developed symptoms of intermittent choking and shortness of breath and presente...

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNABC) and ultrasonography (US) play an important role in differentiating benign thyroid nodules from malignant nodules. We retrospectively investigated the prevalence of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) in patients with thyroid nodules whose FNABC and US readings were not malignant before thyroidectomy. Between 2007 and 2008, 3333 patients underwent th...

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has been established as a distinct entity among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the most common primary site is the stomach. We describe scintigraphic findings in a patient with MALT lymphoma of the thyroid. A 71-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis suffered from rapid cervical swelling, and ultrasonography and CT revealed a thyroid nodule. ...

Thyroid is one of the endocrine Gland. Thyroid can be classified into normal, nodule and cancers thyroid. The characterization of the thyroid tissue in digital image processing techniques offer’s the texture description and using the ultrasound images. In this paper describe the various type of feature extraction techniques characterization and classification method. The texture characterizatio...

1. student research committee, urmia university of medical sciences, urmia, iran 2. dept. of medical physics, faculty of medicine, urmia university of medical sciences, urmia, iran 3. dept. of radiology, faculty of medicine, imam khomeini hospital, urmia university of medical sciences, urmia, iran                             corresponding author: akbar gharbali, phd; assistant professor of medi...