Dormancy breaking and germination requirements were investigated in seeds of Ferula ovina and Ferula gummosa. Seeds of rather species were collected from north and eastern-north rangelands of Iran. Seeds of each of the species were subjected to different treatments including various levels of GA3, chilling and combination of GA3 and chilling (GA-chilling). In contrast to treated seeds, non-trea...

Seed’s dormancy is considered as one of the effective factors in seeds germination and consequently in the growth of seeds of many plant species. Shortening the dormancy period and enhancing the germination percentage in fruit types could be a valuable strategy for the seed researchers and plant nurseries. In this research the seeds of mature fruits of different almond cultivars including late-...

Abstract Salinity-driven density stratification of the upper Arctic Ocean isolates sea-ice cover and cold, nutrient-poor surface waters from underlying warmer, nutrient-rich waters. Recently, has strengthened in western but weakened eastern Arctic; it is unknown if these trends will continue. Here we present foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes sediments since 35,000 years ago to reconstruct pa...

Heat pumps coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) systems are seen as a promising technology for load management that can be used to shift peak loads off-peak hours. Most of the existing model predictive control (MPC) studies on tariff-based shifting deploying hot water tanks use simplified tank models. In this study, an MPC framework accounts transient behavior (i.e., mixing and stratificat...

We present direct numerical simulations of Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a rigid box containing a perfect gas. For small stratifications, which includes Boussinesq fluids, the first instability after steady rolls was an oscillatory instability ~a Hopf bifurcation!. The resulting convection was characterized by two hot and two cold blobs circulating each convective ...

Milkweed ( Asclepias sp.) is an important pollinator genus across North America and a host plant for many butterfly species, notably the monarch Danaus plexippus ). Commercial production of limited to few because most species lack commercial traits, with minimal branching habit, excessive height, color variation. This study used commercially viable weed tuberosa L.), as maternal parent trialed ...

A one-dimensional multi-component lower trophic level ecosystem model that includes detailed algal physiology is used to investigate the response of phytoplankton community and carbon production and export to variations in physical and biochemical processes in the Cold Tongue region of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at 0N, 140W. Results show that high-frequency variability in vertical advection a...

Thermal energy storage is an essential component of solar heating systems. A numerical analysis of thermal stratification in hot water storage tanks suitable for solar water heating applications is presented in this paper. Transient, axi-symmetric, turbulent natural convection in fully and partially charged storage tanks for varying Rayleigh Number in the range of 10 to 10 is studied. Mix Numbe...