BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between reperfusion and clinical outcome is time-dependent, and the effect of reperfusion on outcome can vary on the basis of the extent of collateral flow. We aimed to identify the impact of time-to-reperfusion on outcome relative to baseline angiographic collateral grade in patients successfully treated with endovascular revascularization for acute larg...

The capacity of the collateral circulation to lessen injury in occlusive vascular disease depends on the density and caliber of native (preexisting) collaterals, as well as their ability to outwardly remodel in ischemia. Native collateral conductance varies widely among healthy individuals, yet little is known about what specifies collateral formation. Chloride intracellular channel (CLIC)4 pro...

Special clinical conditions of the heart create collaterals, primarily myocardial ischemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy or atherosclerosis. The aim of the paper was to show the importance of collateral vessels in clinical practice, particularly in the rehabilitation of coronary heart disease. The paper presents a case report of a patient 62 years old, anesthesiologist, who came for examin...

T he canonical role of platelets is hemostasis in which they function as highly specialized cells designed to plug holes in the blood vascular system. To accomplish this task, platelets have evolved unique molecular tools that enable them to function in the vascular environment, such as the GPIbα receptor complex that mediates platelet adhesion to the vessel wall in the face of high shear force...

We report on a 16-year-old female patient with tricuspid atresia, ventricular and atrial septal defect, hypoplastic right ventricle, and pulmonary stenosis. A modified BlalockTaussig shunt was placed within the first month of life, followed by a modified bilateral bidirectional Glenn anastomosis at 3 years and a total cavopulmonary anastomosis (TCPC) at 5 years of age. The azygous vein was liga...

We report on a 16-year-old female patient with tricuspid atresia, ventricular and atrial septal defect, hypoplastic right ventricle, and pulmonary stenosis. A modified BlalockTaussig shunt was placed within the first month of life, followed by a modified bilateral bidirectional Glenn anastomosis at 3 years and a total cavopulmonary anastomosis (TCPC) at 5 years of age. The azygous vein was liga...

BACKGROUND Exercise training (ET) in addition to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has been demonstrated to be superior to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with respect to the composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization and hospitalization due to worsening of angina. One mechanism leading to this superi...