Abel, Rowntree and Turner are credited with the original concept, development and experimental use of an "artificial kidney" in 1913. Collodion tubes were used as the dialysis membrane, and hirudin (from the heads of leeches) was their anticoagulant. With this vividiffusion apparatus they were able to demonstrate that substances such as salicylate and urea could be successfully removed from the...

It is demonstrated that the isoelectric concentration of ThCl(4) is much greater for electroosmosis in small-pored membranes (cellophane, collodion) than for electrophoresis of particles of the same material. An explanation for the difference is advanced, based on the influence of the small pores in preventing complete development of the electrical double layer.

The two parameters usually invoked when discussing transport across membranes are the "diffusion permeability coefficient" and the "hydrodynamic permeability coefficient." In this study the magnitude of these two coefficients is established experimentally for collodion membranes of differing porosities. The hydrodynamic permeability is predominant while convergence of the two permeabilities ten...