different contraceptive methods are used by breastfeeding mothers. in general, these methods are classified into two major groups, hormonal and non-hormonal. a number of studies have shown that combined oral contraceptive pills may adversely affect the quality and the quantity of human milk. in other studies it has been shown that estrogen and progesterone seem to reduce the risk of cardiac and...

BACKGROUND New studies about the influence of hormonal contraception on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been published. AIM To evaluate new epidemiological data and to propose clinical consequences. DESIGN A literature survey. METHODS Studies assessing the risk of specific types of hormonal contraception were evaluated, compared and set into a clinical perspective. RESULTS...

Background: Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis is an uncommon form but important cause of stroke, especially in young-aged women. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive-analytical study in which 124 patients with cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis, who referred to Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from January 2000 to March 2008, were included, and their dem...

Background: Low-grade chronic inflammation, reflected in elevated levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), has recently been linked to obesity, insulin resistance syndromes such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Because the insulin sensitizer metformin has been shown to improve metabolic disturbances in PCOS, it was of particular interest to ...

OBJECTIVES To examine, among young women, the association of individual hormonal contraceptives, within two broad groupings, with antidepressant therapy. METHODS In a nationwide register-based study, we examined the prescription rates of antidepressant drugs in relation to individual combined hormonal and progestin-only contraceptives among Swedish women aged 16-31 years (N = 917,993). Drug d...

OBJECTIVE We systematically reviewed data on effects of increased access to emergency contraceptive pills on pregnancy rates and use of the pills. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, POPLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS, and we consulted with experts. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION We included studies that compared the effect of different levels of access to emergency contraceptive pills on pregnancy rate...

marvelon®, a combined oral contraceptive, contains 30 μg ethinyl estradiol (ee) and 150 μg desogestrel (de), and has been shown to be a well-tolerated and effective combination that provides high contraceptive reliability and good cycle control. however, its efficacy has not been yet evaluated among iranian women. thus, the study aimed to determine the effect of oral contraceptive pill on treat...

AbstractIntroduction : Melasma is one of the most common hyperpigmentation disorders among womans, patches which commonly found on face especially sunlight exposured area. One factors causing melasma use oral contraceptives cause buildup hormones estrogen and progesterone skin.Objectives Thus, aim study to analyze association between duration contraceptive pills melasma.Methods This used a cros...

Clinical decision making which contraceptive regimen is optimal for an individual woman with epilepsy is one of the most challenging tasks when taking care of women with epilepsy. The bidirectional interactive potential of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and hormonal contraceptives needs to be taken into account. Enzyme inducing (EI)-AEDs may reduce the contraceptive efficacy of hormonal contracepti...