Public Citizen, representing more than 100,000 consumers nationwide, hereby petitlons the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pursuant to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act 21 U.S.C. Section 355(e)(3), and 2 1 C.F.R. 10.30, to immediately ban the third generation oral contraceptives containing desogestrel due to the approximately doubled risk of venous thrombosis (30 cases for every 100,000...

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown that both the estrogen dose and progestogen type of oral contraceptives contribute to the increased risk of thrombosis in oral contraceptive users. Thrombin generation-based activated protein C (APC) sensitivity is a global test for the net prothrombotic effect of oral contraceptives and predicts the thrombotic risk. Our objective was to test the us...

serum total fatty acids were estimated in controls and women using the oral contraceptives eugynon (containing 0.5 mg.of norgestron and 0.05 mg ethinyl oestradiol) and lyndiol (containing 2.5 mg. of linostrol and 0.05 mg of ethiny oestradiol) for periods ranging from 8 to 110 weeks. the serum total fatty acids level was found to be approximately 70% higher in the women using oral contraceptives...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of venous thrombosis in women taking third-generation oral contraceptives, ie, those containing the progestogens desogestrel or gestodene. This study assesses the risk of ischemic stroke with several types of oral contraceptives. METHODS A multicenter, population-based, case-control study was performed in 9 Dutch cent...

Background & aim: Sexual health is an essential element of quality of life, affecting both physical and psychological domains. Hormones used in contraceptive methods have contradictory effects on sexual function. In this study, we aimed to compare sexual function in women using combined oral contraceptives (COC) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), referred to healthcare centers affili...

Primary care physicians often prescribe contraceptives to women of reproductive age with comorbidities. Novel delivery systems (e.g., contraceptive patch, contraceptive ring, single-rod implantable device) may change traditional risk and benefit profiles in women with comorbidities. Effective contraceptive counseling requires an understanding of a woman's preferences and medical history, as wel...

It is becoming evident that oral hormonal contraceptives-besides being well established contraceptives-seem to become important medications for many functional or organic disturbances. So far, clinical effectiveness has been shown for treatment as well as prevention of menstrual bleeding disorders and menstrual-related pain symptoms. Also this is true for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premens...

I would like to thank Drs Terplan and Zuckerman for their comments on the recently published position statement, which myself and the other cosignatory authors take very seriously. If I may summarise Drs Terplan and Zuckerman‘s argument. It starts with the assumption that there is now clear evidence proving that levonorgestel (LNG)and norethisterone acetate (NETA)-containing combined oral contr...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress in female athletes is understudied. We investigated oxidative stress in sportswomen of different disciplines according to combined oral contraceptive (OC) use and lifestyle/alimentary habits. METHODS Italian sportswomen (n = 144; mean age 23.4 ± 4.2 years; body mass index 21.2 ± 2.2 kg m-2; sport activity 9.2 ± 4.1 h week-1) were analyzed; 48 % were volleyball play...