Infrared images provide useful information to inspect the status of combustion processes. The flame geometry and intensity depend on the process variables and the characteristics of the combustion chamber. This paper describes methods to analyze infrared images of industrial flames and to characterize the flame geometry. A segmentation algorithm is proposed to separate the flame region from the...

Constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in a compact Riemannian manifold (Mm+1, g) constitute an important class of submanifolds and have been studied extensively. In this paper we are interested in degenerating families of such submanifolds which ‘condense’ to a submanifold Kk ⊂ Mm+1 of codimension greater than 1. It is not hard to see that the closer a CMC hypersurface is (e.g. in the Hau...

Statistical rate theory calculations, in particular formulations of the chemical master equation, are widely used to calculate rate coefficients of interest in combustion environments as a function of temperature and pressure. However, despite the increasing accuracy of electronic structure calculations, small uncertainties in the input parameters for these master equation models can lead to re...

Abstract – The main objective of the combustion controller in a thermal power plant is to regulate fuel and air in proper ratio to maintain the desired steam pressure at the turbine inlet, irrespective of the changes in steam demand. To achieve a continuous supply of steam at the desired pressure conditions is difficult to cope with inherent time delay, nonlinearity due to uncertainty of the co...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is devel­ oping new air pollution rules for all new and existing municipal waste combustors (MWCs). These rules re­ quire all MWCs to use good combustion practice (GCP). The goals of GCP are to maximize furnace destruction of organic pollutants, limit the relative amount of particulate matter (PM) carried out of the combustor with flue gases (PM carryove...

Sammanfattning For every operating condition of an internal combustion engine there exists an optimal spark timing, called maximum brake torque (MBT), which maximises the output torque and the efficiency of the engine. Traditionally MBT timing is implemented as an open-loop control where the ignition timing is found by using a combination of static lookup tables and sensor information. With a d...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) contribute to a wide range of environmental effects including the formation of acid rain and destroy ozone layer. In-cylinder high temperature flame and high oxygen concentration are the parameters which affect the NOx emissions. The EGR system is a very effective way for reducing NOx emission from a diesel engine (via reduction of these parameters), particularly at the...

Commercial transportation fuels are complex mixtures containing hundreds or thousands of chemical components, whose composition has evolved considerably during the past 100 years. In conjunction with concurrent engine advancements, automotive fuel composition has been fine-tuned to balance efficiency and power demands while minimizing emissions. Pollutant emissions from internal combustion engi...

A STOCHASTIC SPATIAL MODEL FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF ORGANIC FOREST SOILS IN A SMOLDERING GROUND FIRE Benjamin Victor Holt A spatial model for the consumption of organic forest soil (duff) by smoldering combustion is developed. Smoldering ground fires have an enormous impact upon the ecology and management practice of forest lands throughout the temperate zone. It is the goal of this effort to pre...