Textbooks are a resource that is widely used in language classes. For this reason, they also one of the principal topics research on field didactics. Several studies were conducted about Portuguese as mother tongue textbooks, but there lack researches and information concerning textbooks foreign language. In study, researcher analyses discourse authors/editors ‘opening texts’ for (European) lan...

The objectives of this paper are to identify the metadiscourse devices used by English learners at different levels language acquisition established Common European Framework Reference and categorise them facilitate assessment learning textual interpersonal devices. First, a learner corpus essays written was compiled. Then, were classified in categories. results showed lists frequencies example...

This study deploys Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to understand how educational standards take shape. To exemplify the inherently collective nature of and contingency in process standardisation, this will present a case CEFR-J project launched by group Japanese university academics modify Common European Framework Reference for Languages (CEFR) English-language teaching learning Japan. Drawing on d...

Knowing the level of content Arabic textbooks at high school is important because it starting point in preparing teaching materials university level. Without knowing level, repetition can occur determining and cause delays increasing linguistic to a higher The purpose this study was analyze description general secondary based on Common European Terms Reference. In writing research, researcher u...

Current market dynamics require European SME’s to focus on complex products manufacturing and to build non-hierarchical business networks, to assure competitiveness and sustainability. Such trend demands appropriate methods for network formation and management, including reference collaboration processes and supporting ICT tools. This paper presents a framework to support SME’s in the creation ...

Abstract English Profile (EP) is an ongoing empirical exploration of learner initiated by Cambridge University Press and English, among others. EP aims to create a set empirically-based descriptions language competencies for English. ‘Reference Level Descriptors’ already exist as part the Common European Framework Reference (CEFR) but are intuitively derived not designed one specific language. ...