We consider social phenomena as challenges and measures for learning in multi-agent scenarios for the following reasons: (i) social phenomena emerge through complex learning processes of groups of people, (ii) a model of a phenomenon sheds light onto the strengths and weaknesses of the learning algorithm in the context of the model environment. In this paper we use tabular reinforcement learnin...

in the present paper, we introduces the notion of integral type contractive mapping with respect to ordered s-metric space and prove some coupled common fixed point results of integral type contractive mapping in ordered s-metric space. moreover, we give an example to support our main result.

—The fisheries literature embodies critical assumptions about fisherman attitudes and motivations. Common assumptions are that populations of fishermen are homogeneous in motivation and decision making and that they behave in a myopic fashion, ignoring the effects of their fishing activities on the fishery resource. The results of a survey of trawl vessel captains challenge these assumptions. W...

Some rights to resources adhere to individuals on the basis of ascribed characteristics—these are rights of person. These rights are not subject to voluntary alienation. And there are rights that adhere to specific characteristics of resources and are subject to alienation. These are rights in property. However, there has been a systematic tendency to promote property rights at the expense of t...

Catchment management is becoming a more complex task. The sharing of water resources between traditional water users and the environment, the introduction of water and contaminant trading and water quantity and quality targets has necessitated a whole-of-catchment modelling approach. A variety of software products address this need. They range from abstract, general-purpose modelling frameworks...