white-collar criminals are those who abusing their official occupations commit profitable, nonviolent crimes. the most important manifestations of white collar crimes are: fraud, corruption (including bribery), employment offences, consumer offences, drug and food offences, environmental crimes, cyber crimes, and customs offences. some manifestations of white collar crime have direct victims so...

There are numerous benefits to the research community from data sharing, and yet the open sharing of participant level data is not without potential pitfalls. In addition to the scientific community, the interests of study participants who volunteered their data must be considered, along with the interests of study investigators who expend a substantial amount of effort into the design, conduct...

This paper studies the internal politics of a licensing association with regards to expansion of the licensure, and to self-regulation. A theoretical model is presented of a professional association which has the power to restrict entry, and yet a majority of its members may prefer to allow entry, even when doing so reduces the total revenue of its members. This may happen due to a con‡ict of i...

Health as a basic right of the people and essential demand should be considered as a joint responsibility of the government and people of a community. As much as the people of a community aware and involved in the individual health promotion and problem solving of their community in all dimensions, the probability of reaching to favorable health measurements is also increased. Community assess...

The goal of the proposed research is to enhance group experiences in a museum by: (1) intelligent distribution of information across several devices, allowing members of a group to follow a public presentation while their personal interests are addressed through individual annotations on a private device, and (2) navigation support of the whole group, by finding a route through the museum that ...

Serious illness puts pressure not only on individual family members but also on the family itself. The care of an acutely ill child requires the family to channel many of its resources toward a single member--an arrangement that can usually be sustained for a while but that cannot continue indefinitely while the other members do without. Illness disrupts ordinary familial functions and, if it i...

Our article reports findings from a comparative study of strategic decision-making and board functioning in nine firms. Findings from our study indicate that the heterogeneity of interests represented in the board, members’ possession of relevant knowledge, and the presence of ex-ante conflict resolution mechanisms combine in shaping if and how board members engage in strategyrelated activities...

During my time with the Academy, I have witnessed significant growth in both membership and in our missions and interests. We now have clearly defined missions related to pain care, education, research, and advocacy. We also recognize that members may have shared interests in one or more of these particular mission areas and need a mechanism to come together, network, and help advance their int...

What is the effect of (1) popular individuals, and (2) community structures on the retransmission of socially contagious behavior? We examine a community of Twitter users over a five month period, operationalizing social contagion as ‘retweeting’, and social structure as the count of subgraphs (small patterns of ties and nodes) between users in the follower/following network. We find that popul...

INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has administered the Prevention Research Centers Program since 1986. We quantified the number and reach of training programs across all centers, determined whether the centers' outcomes varied by characteristics of the academic institution, and explored potential benefits of training and technical assistance for academic researchers an...