CONTEXT: Numerous studies have investigated the use of cross-company datasets to estimate effort for single-company projects; however to date only one has compared the effect of using a chronological split instead of a random split to assign projects to a training set and a validation set, finding no significant differences. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to extend [15] using a project-by-...

In this paper, we proposed the fuzzy multi-job and multi-company workers assignment problem with penalty. Our purpose is obtaining the optimal solution the assignment problem, where n jobs are assigned to m workers (m>n), each job must be assigned to one and only one worker and each worker could be received one job or do not receive any job. Furthermore, there are k company where each worker be...

The objective of this paper is to investigate the use of cross-company and within-company cost estimation model for Web projects. The study analysis method we used was a forward, stepwise regression of web project development effort with independent variables that were used for on-line web application price quotations. Model cross-validation used two approaches: one-fold cross validation and a ...

Since the discovery of the Schwarzschild solution [1], black holes have fired mans imagination. Even more since it has been pointed out that, according to the theories with large extra dimensions (LXDs) [2] black holes (BHs) might even be produced at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)[3]. We review possible observables of this conjecture with special emphasis on the unclear final fate of such a BH...

Physical activity provides numerous health benefits, including reducing risk factors that contribute to the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Many employers offer incentives to employees to motivate engagement in wellness program activities. Two incentive designs to reward employees for achieving step goals were evaluated. This study used a retrospective design and the study population...

one of the ways of selling products is “direct selling”. the companies which use this method sell their products directly to end users just by their distributors’ intermediation. in this method, distributors retail sell the products out of a fixed commercial location. harmful effect of loading unsold products with distributors had legislators make companies buy-back those products. briefly, we ...

This explorative study investigates the phenomenon of the company-specific production system (XPS). It has been a strong and recent trend across many manufacturing industries to develop and deploy such corporate improvement programmes. Five propositions regarding the uniqueness of XPSs are derived from universalistic versus contingent perspectives on improvement programmes. The main XPS princip...

A. Gibaud,*,† D. Grosso,‡ B. Smarsly,§ A. Baptiste,† J. F. Bardeau,† F. Babonneau,‡ D. A. Doshi,§,⊥ Z. Chen,§ C. Jeffrey Brinker,§,| and C. Sanchez‡ Laboratoire de Physique de l’Etat Condensé, UniVersité du Maine, UMR 6087 CNRS, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09 France, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée, UniVersité Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75 252, Paris Cedex 05, France, Department...

Single-hop wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical ring networks operating in packet mode are a promising architecture for the design of innovate Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs). They allow a cost-effective design, with a good combination of optical and electronic technologies, while supporting features like restoration and reconfiguration that are essential in any metropolitan scenari...