This study investigated the effects of planned focus-on-form instruction (pFFI) on developing oral grammatical accuracy in Iranian English EFL learners. To this end, 60 lower-intermediate EFL learners studying English in a private English language institute in Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned to two classes. Both classes received a task-based instruction on grammatical points elicited in or...

We used a non-linguistic gender attribution task to determine how French and Spanish grammatical gender affects bilinguals’ conceptual gender. French-English and Spanish-English bilingual, as well as English monolingual adults were asked to assign a male or female voice to 32 color drawings depicting people, animals, and common objects. FrenchEnglish and Spanish-English bilinguals classified it...

POS Taggers typically fail to correctly tag grammatical neologisms: for a known word, most taggers will only take known tags into account, and hence discard the possibility that that word is used in a novel or deviant grammatical category in a new text. Grammatical neologisms are relatively rare, and therefore do not pose a significant problem for the overall performance of a tagger. But for st...

A widely used method that constructs features with the incorporation of so-called grammatical evolution is proposed here to predict COVID-19 cases as well mortality rate. The creates new artificial from original ones using a genetic algorithm and guided by BNF grammar. After are generated, data set modified based on these features, an neural network applied data, results reported. From comparat...

This study investigates the potential ideological stances reflected in President Trump’s speeches during coronavirus crisis through use of certain lexical items and grammatical constructions, including modal structures, comparative superlative forms pronouns. Two delivered by Trump two different phases are selected analyzed light Fairclough’s (1995) CDA three-dimensional model. The found that u...

How does a child map words to grammatical categories when words are not overtly marked either lexically or prosodically? Recent language acquisition theories have proposed that distributional information encoded in sequences of words or morphemes might play a central role in forming grammatical classes. To test this proposal, we analyze child-directed speech from seven typologically diverse lan...

OBJECTIVES Emerging literature suggests that lifestyle factors may play an important role in reducing age-related cognitive decline. There have, however, been few studies investigating the role of cognitively stimulating leisure activities in maintaining cognitive health. This study sought to identify changes in cognitive performance with age and to investigate associations of cognitive perform...

Artificial grammar learning (AGL) is a form of nondeclarative memory that involves the nonconscious acquisition of abstract rules. While data from amnesic patients indicate that AGL does not depend on the medial temporal lobe, the neural basis of this type of memory is unknown and was therefore examined using event-related fMRI. Prior to scanning, participants studied letter strings constructed...

In an fMRI experiment, subjects saw a written noun and made three distinct decisions in separate sessions: Is its grammatical gender masculine or feminine (grammatical feature task)? Is it an animal or an artifact (semantic task)? Does it contain a /tch/ or a /k/ sound (phonological task)? Relative to the other experimental conditions, the grammatical feature task activated areas of the left mi...