Attempts by Jews to save lives during the Holocaust took various forms depending on situation and period of occupation. Until they were concentrated in ghettos, not fully aware great danger in. Nobody could have imagined that Germans would decide kill them en masse extermination camps established especially for be used this. Left themselves, wanting survive, had take up struggle. Not everyone w...

A WHO methodology is used for the first time to estimate the burden of disease directly associated with incomplete water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in sub-Saharan African countries. In refugee camps of seven countries, containing just fewer than 1 million people in 2005, there were 132,000 cases of diarrhoea and over 280,000 reported cases of malaria attributable to incomplete wa...

To examine signaling mechanisms relevant to cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent endothelial cell barrier regulation, we investigated the impact of the cAMP/PKA inhibitors Rp diastereomer of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-cAMPS) and PKA inhibitor (PKI) on bovine pulmonary artery and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cell cytoskeleton reorganization. Rp-cAMPS as well as PKI...

Recent studies demonstrate a role for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in reward-related learning. To clarify this role, we assessed the effect of PKA inhibition on the unconditioned and conditioned locomotor activating properties of intra-NAc amphetamine. Rats underwent three 60 min conditioning sessions, pairing a test environ...

This paper surveys the history and current status of children's health camps in New Zealand, and places these sites within the theoretical context of therapeutic landscapes. The first health camp was established in 1919, and the seven current camps provide respite, education and health care for approximately 4000 children each year. We analyse the health-place relations inherent in the health c...

OBJECTIVE HIV testing is mandatory in re-education-through-labour camps (laojiaosuo) in China yet no studies have reported on the process. METHODS The survey response rate was 100% although 29 detainees were excluded because they were under 18 years of age. A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted in three labour camps in Guangxi, located in the south-western region of China. RES...

We study the problem of optimally investing in nodes of a social network in a competitive setting, wherein two camps attempt to drive the average opinion of the population in their favor. Using DeGroot-Friedkin model of opinion dynamics, we formulate the problem as a zero-sum game with its players being the two camps. We derive optimal investment strategies for both camps, and show that a rando...

When a failed military coup provoked civil war in Spain July 1936, British Quakers were among the first t respond to tremendous need for humanitarian aid civilian population. They distributed food and clothing, set up canteens hospitals, provided schooling workshops, organized evacuation of children from zones. Then, January 1939, when Spanish Republic finally succumbed might rebel forces, acco...

BACKGROUND In the eukaryotic cell the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a key enzyme in signal transduction and represents the main target of the second messenger cAMP. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterisation of specifically tailored cAMP analogs which can be utilised as a tool for affinity enrichment and purification as well as for proteomics based analyses of cAMP bin...