Analysis of cone inputs to primate parvocellular ganglion cells suggests that red-green spectral opponency results when connections segregate input from long wavelength (L) or middle wavelength (M) sensitive cones to receptive field centers and surrounds. However, selective circuitry is not an obvious retinal feature. Rather, cone receptive field surrounds and H1 horizontal cells get mixed L an...

We performed a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of eyes obtained at autopsy of an 84-year-old man from a family with X-linked cone degeneration in which affected members have a 6.5-kilobase deletion in the red cone pigment gene. At his most recent ocular examination, at age 71 years, this patient had had a visual acuity of 20/200 OU, fundus changes suggestive of macular degeneratio...

PURPOSE To investigate changes in cone photoreceptors with adaptive optics (AO) fundus imaging and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a case of occult macular dystrophy (OMD). PATIENT AND METHODS Both eyes of a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with OMD were examined. We used an AO fundus camera to obtain images of cone photoreceptors in the macula of the OMD subject and five ...

Using three antibodies to visual pigments (monoclonal antibodies COS-1 and OS-2, and a polyclonal anti-opsin serum), four different types of cone cells could be distinguished in the red area (dorsoposterior part with the highest density of cones) of the pigeon retina. Both members of the double cone and the single cone with the red oil droplet were labelled with our monoclonal antibody COS-1 (t...

PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of cone density and spacing as well as the preferred packing arrangement of the cone mosaic as a function of retinal eccentricity. METHODS An adaptive optics retinal camera (rtx1, www.imagine-eyes.com) was used to obtain images of the parafoveal cone mosaic in nineteen healthy volunteers. Cone density and spacing were estimated for each subject (both ey...

Example 1. The set R+ is a closed, convex, pointed cone. The half plane {x ∈ R2 : x2 ≥ 0} is a closed, convex cone that is not pointed. The union of the open half plane {x ∈ R2 : x2 > 0} and 0 is a somewhat pathological example of a convex cone that is pointed but not closed. Remark 1. There are several different definitions of “cone” in the mathematics. Some, for example, require the cone to b...

We study the problem of testing a simple null hypothesis on multivariate normal mean vector against smooth or piecewise smooth cone alternatives. We show that the mixture weights of the  distribution of the likelihood ratio test can be characterized as mixed volumes of the cone and its dual. The weights can be calculated by integration involving the second fundamental form on the boundary of t...

PURPOSE To determine the extent of rod and cone photoreceptor dysfunction in patients with cone dystrophy using psychophysical and electrophysiological tests. METHODS Ten patients with cone dystrophy participated. Rod and cone system psychophysical thresholds were measured as a function of retinal eccentricity. Bright-flash full-field electroretinograms were obtained under dark-adapted (rod-m...

This paper incorporates cones on virtual multipliers of inputs and outputs into DEA analysis. Cone DEA models are developed to generalize the dual of the BCC models as well as congestion models. Input-output data and/or numbers of DMUs for BCC models are inadequate to capture many aspects where judgments, expert opinions, and other external information should be taken into analysis. Cone DEA mo...