We consider the application of Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) for the specification of type inference systems, such as that used by Haskell. Confluence of CHR guarantees that the answer provided by type inference is correct and consistent. The standard method for establishing confluence relies on an assumption that the CHR program is terminating. However, many examples in practice give rise to...

We develop a theory of confluence of graphs. We describe an algorithm for proving that a given system of reduction rules for abstract graphs and graphs in surfaces is locally confluent. We apply this algorithm to show that each simple Lie algebra of rank at most 2, gives rise to a confluent system of reduction rules of graphs (via Kuperberg’s spiders) in an arbitrary surface. As a further conse...

conclusions although some of the orthopedic surgeons are not interested to manage these fractures surgically and most of them treat these cases conservatively (casting, etc.), in most displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures, surgical treatment is the method of choice. moreover, in non-surgical treatment the prevalence of these complications among the patients is more and as a result, inev...

In a study of 156 skulls the interior of one particular skull showed many additional foramina on the sphenoid bone, one large foramen almost on the centre of sella turcica (0.64%) (the large craniopharyngeal canal); a second foramen on the inferomedial angle of the optic canal (the lateral craniopharyngeal canal), which were also present in 2 more skulls (2.56%); and two large foramina Vesalii ...

Abstract The Downstream Surge Chamber of a pumped storage power station adopts impedance with an upper chamber layout. tailrace tunnel is connected the connecting pipe through right-angle bifurcated and bend. layout type special water flow conditions are complex. To study its hydraulic characteristics, three-dimensional field mathematical model at bottom surge established, variation law charact...

CeTA was originally developed as a tool for certifying termination proofs [5] which have to be provided as certificates in the CPF-format. Its soundness is proven within IsaFoR, the Isabelle Formalization of Rewriting. In the meantime, CeTA can also be used as a tool for certifying confluence and non-confluence proofs. In the following system description, we give a short overview on what kind o...

We present a polynomial time algorithm for deciding confluence of ground term rewrite systems. We generalize the decision procedure to get a polynomial time algorithm, assuming that the maximum arity of a symbol in the signature is a constant, for deciding confluence of rewrite systems where each rule contains a shallow linear term on one side and a ground term on the other. The existence of a ...

In this study, extraction of tannic acid using microchannel was investigated. Affective parameters were optimized. Different solvents including buthanol, ethylacetate and n-hexane as organic phase, methanol, propanol, ethanol and water as aqueous phase investigated. Microchannels with different confluence angles and diameters were examined. Microchannels with different confluence angles and dia...

An 8-year-old female with a history of chronic headaches and uncertain papilloedema was found to have a variant of the posterior intracranial dural venous sinuses on magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the brain. Magnetic resonance venography included in the imaging revealed a circular formation of the confluence of sinuses and absent right-sided transverse sinus. The confluence of sinuses...

We are interested in investigating the confluence properties of cooperating constraint solvers. To this end, we model solvers as reductions that transform constraint networks, we define the notion of insensitivity to a superset relation, and show that, if each solver of a given set of solvers is insensitive to the same terminating superset relation, then any combination of these solvers is conf...