caudal regression syndrome (caudal dysplasia sequence) is a rare congenital malformation. it has a spectrum ranging from simple anal atresia to the absence of sacral, lumbar and possibly lower thoracic vertebrae and the most severe form called sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome). sirenomelia has a sole characteristic, which is the limbs fusion, with multiple internal structural abnormalities particu...

         Combination of congenital esophageal atresia and subsequent hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a rare condition which occurs in early infancy. The underlying etiology and pathophysiology of this association still remains unclear. In this paper we report a unique case of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, for the first time, which occurred in an infant who underwent surgery for type I esophag...

Infant mortality is associated with poverty. Countries with higher per capita income have lower infant mortality rates. The most obvious reason for this is the burden of infant deaths attributable to potentially avoidable diseases, such as infectious diseases for which vaccines and drugs are available, but are not aVordable for all. In rich countries, besides gross national product per head, in...

The sex ratio of infants born with certain congenital abnormalities diverges widely from unity. There is evidence that these sex ratios vary from place to place and in different races (Gittlesohn and Milham, 1962; Emanuel, 1972). Stocks (1970) has shown that within 25 countries of largely European stock there is a close positive correlation between the divergence of the sex ratio of congenital ...

Childhood blindness has an adverse effect on growth, development, social, and economic opportunities. Severe visual impairment (SVI) and blindness in infants must be detected as early as possible to initiate immediate treatment to prevent deep amblyopia. Although difficult, measurement of visual acuity of an infant is possible. The causes of SVI and blindness may be prenatal, perinatal, and pos...

Infant mortality is associated with poverty. Countries with higher per capita income have lower infant mortality rates. The most obvious reason for this is the burden of infant deaths attributable to potentially avoidable diseases, such as infectious diseases for which vaccines and drugs are available, but are not aVordable for all. In rich countries, besides gross national product per head, in...

Background: Congenital heart diseases, which are asymptomatic at birth, are the most important causes of infant mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the role of pulse oximetry in the early detection of congenital heart diseases among newborns.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 1230 newborns who were born in university hospitals in an urban area of Iran were placed unde...