BACKGROUND Use of anaesthesia services during endoscopy has increased, increasing cost of endoscopy. AIM To identify risk factors for and develop a clinical prediction score to predict difficult conscious sedation. METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy with endoscopist-administered conscious...

Brain function monitors have improved safety and efficiency in general anesthesia; however, they have not been adequately tested for guiding conscious sedation for periodontal surgical procedures. This study evaluated the patient state index (PSI) obtained from the SEDline monitor (Sedline Inc., San Diego, CA) to determine its capacity to improve the safety and efficiency of intravenous conscio...