This article develops an analytical model of force composition that combines the advantages conscription with those all-volunteer force. Using Israel as a hypothesis-generating case study, it argues mandatory military service has undergone changes centered on five key organizing principles: selective conscription, early discharges, elongated lengths service, forms voluntary and differing pay-sc...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest a role for cardiovascular fitness in the prevention of affective disorders. AIMS To determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 is associated with future risk of serious affective illness. METHOD Population-based Swedish cohort study of male conscripts (n = 1 117 292) born in 1950-1987 with no history of mental illness who were followed for 3-40 years. Data...

OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ) are associated. We examined whether this association varied by birth cohort. METHODS Among 37,414 Danish conscripts, the association between BMI and IQ overall and by birth cohort was examined. IQ was measured by the Børge Prien's Prøve (BPP) group intelligence test score. RESULTS Compared with men of normal BMI, mean difference...

We develop a methodology to estimate underlying (continuous) population distributions from bin-aggregated sample data through the estimation of the parameters of mixtures of distributions that allow for maximal parametric flexibility. The statistical approach we develop enables comparisons of the full distributions of height data from potential army conscripts across France's 88 departments for...

During the apartheid era, the South African military maintained a dual policy on homosexuality – prohibited among members of the permanent force, homosexuality was officially tolerated among conscripts. When the regime fell, the new government committed itself to human rights considerations, and after the South African Constitution adopted a provision of non-discrimination on the basis of sexua...

Article history: Received 24 April 2012 Received in revised form 30 July 2012 Accepted 31 July 2012 Available online 31 August 2012 Lynn and Vanhanen (2012) have convincingly established that national IQs correlate positively with GDP, education, and many other social and economic factors. The direction of causality remains debatable. The present study re-examines data from military psychologic...