Hybrid meson energies are calculated in the static quark limit with the Dynamical Quark Model (DQM). In the DQM, transverse gluons are represented as effective constituents with a dynamically generated mass. Hybrid masses are determined within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation for the resulting relativistic Salpeter equation. Although the general features of the adiabatic potential surfaces corres...

Abstract The main objective of this study was to analyse biomass production and distribution among the constituent parts 4-year-old Pinus pinaster halepensis trees. Young trees were harvested from a Nelder wheel experimental site their weight determined. With design, effect stand density can be included in analysis. We analysed at test densities ranging 1000 80 000 seedlings/ha by fitting two t...

Regional distributions of organic content are an important aid in developing basin evolution and hydrocarbon generation models. An approach to evaluate hydrocarbon source rocks using resistivity, sonic, density, neutron and natural gamma ray logs is developed. Organic matter, as a constituent in sedimentary rocks, has a relatively low density, slow velocity, and is high in hydrogen content. Sou...

The mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and their composites have been under intense investigation for many years, owing to their unique combination of high strength and elastic limit. However, because of their highly localized deformation mechanism, BMGs are typically considered to be brittle materials and are not suitable for structural applications. Recently, highly-toughen...

Metallic glasses (MGs) inherit their amorphous structure from the liquid state, which predetermines their ability to withstand high loads approaching the theoretical limit. However, the absence of slip systems makes them very sensitive to the type of loading and extremely brittle in tension. The latter can be improved by precipitation of ductile crystals, which suppress a catastrophic propagati...

We investigate the twist-3 transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of pion with basis light-front quantization. The TMDs are not independent and can be decomposed into twist-2 genuine terms from equations motion (EOM). compute resulting wave obtained by diagonalizing QCD Hamiltonian, determined for pion's constituent quark-antiquark quark-antiquark-gluon Fock sectors,...

Constituent parsing is typically modeled by a chart-based algorithm under probabilistic context-free grammars or by a transition-based algorithm with rich features. Previous models rely heavily on richer syntactic information through lexicalizing rules, splitting categories, or memorizing long histories. However enriched models incur numerous parameters and sparsity issues, and are insufficient...

Measures for the degree of non-projectivity of dependency grammar have received attention both on the formal and on the empirical side. The empirical characterization of discontinuity in constituent treebanks annotated with crossing branches has nevertheless been neglected so far. In this paper, we present two measures for the characterization of both the discontinuity of constituent structures...

Previous research has suggested that human perception of mathematical expressions is based on syntactic structure. Here, we extend our understanding of how humans perceive algebraic equations in two ways. First, we examined the hypothesis that the internal representation used by experienced mathematicians is based on the phrasal structure of the parse tree. This was tested using a memory recogn...

We describe an effective constituent projection strategy, where constituent projection is performed on the basis of dependency projection. Especially, a novel measurement is proposed to evaluate the candidate projected constituents for a target language sentence, and a PCFG-style parsing procedure is then used to search for the most probable projected constituent tree. Experiments show that, th...