An adjoint-based Navier–Stokes design and optimization method for two-dimensional multi-element high-lift configurations is derived and presented. The compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are used as a flow model together with the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model to account for high Reynolds number effects. When a viscous continuous adjoint formulation is used, the necessary ...

Previous kinetic modelling for dilute H2SO4-acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse operated using batch reactor led to conclude that hemicellulose conversion, about 75 % of theoretical, was possible to be reached using 1.0 % w v H2SO4 solution, solid load equal to 20 % and 80 min of operation. The present study aims to expand the fundamental understanding of the kinetic involved in this process. ...

abstract: a continuously variable transmission (cvt) is a transmission which may change step less by way of an infinite variety of effective gear ratios between maximum and minimum values. this contrasts with different mechanical transmissions that solely permit just a few different distinct gear ratios to be selected. continuously variable transmissions (cvts) are mechanical devices that allow...

Conversion of formerly continuous native habitats into highly fragmented landscapes can lead to numerous negative demographic and genetic impacts on native taxa that ultimately reduce population viability. In response to concerns over biodiversity loss, numerous investigators have proposed that traits such as body size and ecological specialization influence the sensitivity of species to habita...

Ultrasonic cavitation treatment of melt significantly improves the downstream properties and quality of conventional and advanced metallic materials. However, the transfer of this technology has been hindered by difficulties in treating large volumes of liquid metal. To improve the understanding of cavitation processing efficiency, the Full Cavitation Model, which is derived from a reduced form...

Given a stable configuration of point vortices for steady two-dimensional inviscid, incompressible fluid flow in a domain D, it is shown that there is another stable configuration of stationary vortices in D with vortices near the original vortices plus additional vortices near any points on the boundary where the speed of the original flow is a nonzero relative minimum.

This study investigates and provides a solution for optimizing the photocatalytic treatment of toxic gases based on use TiO2 media deposited luminous textiles. The target was cyclohexane referent type A gas filtration tests. supports were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Then, experiments conducted batch reactor showed that TiO2-coated optical fiber (in situ illumination configura...