Contrart-to-duty imperatives are those which tell us what we ought to do if we violate some of our obligations. In this work, we give an inconsistencyfriendly framework for contrary-to-duty imperatives and introduce three semantics for it: static, dynamic and topological. The static semantics uses the standard modal paraconsistent approach whereas the dynamic semantics views violations as dynam...

We explain the raison d’être and basic ideas of input/output logic, sketching the central elements with pointers to other publications for detailed developments. The motivation comes from the logic of norms. Unconstrained input/output operations are straightforward to define, with relatively simple behaviour, but ignore the subtleties of contraryto-duty norms. To deal with these more sensitivel...

This study examines how analogy affects problem-solving in ideation phase of design among architects and engineers. For this purpose, a design problem was given to master and Ph.D. students of engineering and architecture. They were given two optional analogy sources to choose and be inspired by one. From the analysis of design sessions, using different coding groups and the application of the ...

The diversity of meanings or applications “wellbeing” fuel a discussion about its context-dependence not. This article will first introduce this discussion. Next, it present the classical logical notion analogy considering as possible answer to After that, Section 3 apply wellbeing and suggest “primary meaning”. Finally, short conclusion follow.

One version of the argument for design relies on the assumption that the apparent fine-tuning of the universe for the existence of life requires an explanation. I argue that the assumption is false. Philosophers who argue for the assumption usually appeal to analogies, such as the one in which a person was to draw a particular straw among a very large number of straws in order not to be killed....