The cognitive subscale of the "Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale" (ADAS-Cog) is widely used for the evaluation of dementia and is very popular in dementia drug trials because of the characteristics of the scale. The objective of the present study was to adapt the ADAS-Cog for use for the Brazilian population. A major problem is that education is variable, a fact that may influence performanc...

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of facility-based semi-intensive and home-based intensive counselling in improving exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) in a low-resource urban setting in Kenya. DESIGN A cluster randomized controlled trial in which nine villages were assigned on a 1:1:1 ratio, by computer, to two intervention groups and a control group. The home-based intensive counselling group (...

OBJECTIVES The effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of KiSS-1 mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of rats were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. Lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. In three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pups ...

Computerized performance monitoring systems (CPMS) are pervasive, and there is speculation, as well as survey and case study evidence in the literature, that they might cause ill effects on performance, and might increase worker stress. This laboratory study investigated possible impacts of CPMS on physiological and perceived stress, as well as on the performance of the subjects. The study invo...

The growth method of comparing the nutritive value of proteins, namely the estimation of protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) has long been popular because of its simplicity despite its well-known drawbacks (Mitchell, 1944). Among the more serious disadvantages of this method are: (a) no allowance is made for maintenance requirements of the test animal, ( 6 ) the result varies with food intake, an...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of a motivational interviewing-based educational program in reducing the number and intensity of new caries and bacterial dental plaque levels at 6 months post randomization. STUDY DESIGN A randomized and single blind clinical trial in 100 schoolchildren between 6-10 years of age presenting the highest risk score of caries according to the Caries Mana...

Kunkel and colleagues 1 recently published an article on constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy for motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. They presented the results of an uncontrolled series of 5 stroke patients undergoing CI therapy. The authors also presented a review of five studies, including their own, concerning the effectiveness of CI therapy based on a calculation of effect sizes...

PURPOSES To investigate, in the oral retelling after reading process, the syntactic markers capable of characterizing different clinical groups of developmental reading disabilities. METHODS Thirty-two Brazilian students were evaluated: dyslexic group (DG) - 16 individuals were diagnosed with developmental dyslexia; control group (CG) - 16 individuals did not present reading difficulties when...

In some plant species the whole shoot is occasionally removed, as a result of specialist herbivory, grazing, mowing, or other causes. The plant can adapt to defoliation by allocating more to tolerance and less to growth and defense. Plant tolerance to defoliation (TOL1) is typically measured as the ratio between the average dry weight of a group of damaged plants and a control group of undamage...

BACKGROUND The present study aimed to analyze the effect of acute stress on false recognition in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. In this paradigm, lists of words associated with a non-presented critical lure are studied and, in a subsequent memory test, critical lures are often falsely remembered. METHOD In two experiments, participants were randomly assigned to either the stress...