— An analytical model for Virtual Topology Reconfiguration (VTR) in optical networks is developed. It aims at the optical networks with a circuit-based data plane and an IPlike control plane. By identifying and analyzing the important factors impacting the network performance due to VTR operations on both planes, we can compare the benefits and penalties of different VTR algorithms and policies...

Fast handover protocols for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) and Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) define mobility management procedures that support unicast communication at reduced handover latency. Fast handover base operations do not affect multicast communication and, hence, do not accelerate handover management for native multicast listeners. Many multicast applications like IPTV or conferencing, though, com...

This document describes requirements for, and the use of, the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) control plane in support of the Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) layer 1 inverse multiplexing data plane mechanism and its companion Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS). LCAS can be used for hitless dynamic resizing of the inverse multiplex group. These techniques apply to Optical Tra...

Multicast has long been a performance bottleneck for data centers. Traditional solutions relying on IP multicast suffer from poor congestion control and loss recovery on the data plane, as well as slow and complex group membership and multicast tree management on the control plane. Some recent proposals have employed alternate optical circuit switched paths to enable lossless multicast and a ce...

Forwarding and Control Element Separation (ForCES) defines an architectural framework and associated protocols to standardize information exchange between the control plane and the forwarding plane in a ForCES network element (ForCES NE). RFC 3654 has defined the ForCES requirements, and RFC 3746 has defined the ForCES framework. (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has...

in order to determine the stability of underwater robots, their governing differential equations of motion in vertical and horizontal planes should be investigated. for horizontal plane stability, using routh stability criterion, four hydrodynamic coefficients, including derivatives of the lateral force and vertical moment with respect to sway and angular velocity are required. these coefficien...

In recent years, the Internet has proven its ability to carry real-time data, including voice. Today, a small amount of voice traffic has already been diverted from the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) to the Internet. If it expands, this phenomenon can completely change the rules of the game for telecommunications. This paper presents an overview of the main technical problems to be ad...

Network survivability is the ability of a network to recover traffic delivery following failure or degradation of network resources. Survivability is critical for the delivery of guaranteed network services, such as those subject to strict Service Level Agreements (SLAs) that place maximum bounds on the length of time that services may be degraded or unavailable. The Transport Profile of Multip...

One desirable application of Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is to detect a Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) Label Switched Path (LSP) data plane failure. LSP Ping is an existing mechanism for detecting MPLS data plane failures and for verifying the MPLS LSP data plane against the control plane. BFD can be used for the former, but not for the latter. However, the control plane proc...

Using “clean-slate approach” to redesign the Internet has attracted considerable attention. ZNA (Z Network Architecture) is one of clean-slate network architectures based on the layered model. The major features of ZNA are as follows: (1) introducing the session layer to provide the applications with sophisticated communication services, (2) employing inter-node cross-layer cooperation to adapt...