We investigate low temperature transport in 200 3 200 arrays of GaAs quantum dots in which coupling between dots and electron density is controlled by a single gate. Current-voltage curves obey a power law above a threshold voltage with exponent ,1.5, and show discontinuous and hysteretic jumps in the current, or “switching events.” Multiple switching events result in a hierarchy of hysteresis ...

Power reduction during testing is one of the most important challenges for the VLSI design and test engineers. Switching is one of the important contributors to the power consumption of on chip buses. This paper addresses the problem of minimizing power dissipation due to switching of the busses during testing. For memory testing, many read/write cycles are required (as per March algorithm), in...

Magnetic vortices are characterized by the sense of in-plane magnetization circulation and by the polarity of the vortex core. With each having two possible states, there are four possible stable magnetization configurations that can be utilized for a multibit memory cell. Dynamic control of vortex core polarity has been demonstrated using both alternating and pulsed magnetic fields and current...

We describe a wink-controlled hands-free switching system for eye-borne telescopic vision, based on a previously tested fixed-magnification telescope embedded within scleral contact lenses. Here we integrate orthogonal polarizers into the contact lens covering the F/9.1 refractive 1× and F/9.6 catadioptric 2.8× vision paths, to allow switching via external liquid crystal shutters. We provide ha...

This article presents a sensorless five level DTC control based on neural networks using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) applied to Double Star Induction Machine (DSIM). The application of the DTC control brings a very interesting solution to the problems of robustness and dynamics. However, this control has some drawbacks such as the uncontrolled of the switching frequency and the strong ripple t...

This paper describes the robust optimal incremental motion control of a current  sensorless synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM), which can be specified by any desired speed profile. The control scheme is a combination of conventional linear quadratic (LQ) feedback control method and sliding mode control (SMC). A novel sliding switching surface is employed first, that makes the states of the Sy...

In this study, we manipulated the swimming direction of bacteria and controlled the switching off movement by using dc and ac galvanotaxis. The microstructures blotted by Serratia marcescens could be spontaneously manipulated and switched off at the desired position. The optimum ac frequency for switching off the microstructural motion was 7 Hz. We built a mathematical model to analyze and unde...

A multiestimation-based adaptive controller is designed for robotic manipulators. Multiestimation based techniques can improve the transient response of adaptive systems by switching between the various estimation schemes. The switching process is subject to a minimum dwell or residence time in order to guarantee stability. Then, the multiestimation scheme is applied to the teleoperation of rob...

The IlluminatIR™ is commonly used with either a diamond contact ATR (attenuated total reflection) or a diffuse reflectance objective. The sample can be viewed, and Raman spectra collected, either through these objectives or through the high quality microscope objectives supplied with the inVia Raman microscope. Simple switching between video view, IR acquisition, and Raman acquisition allows IR...