In a variely of contexts regulatory agencies are legally obliged to use a cost-benefit rule (or some variant there of) to revise environmental standards to reflect improvements m pollution-control techniques, but have considerable discretion over the timing of such revision. How should the agency use this discretion? In a simple model of standard-setting under endogenous technical change we sho...

This paper explores the application of oblivious equilibrium to concentrated industries. We define an extended notion of oblivious equilibrium that we call partially oblivious equilibrium (POE) that allows for there to be a set of “dominant firms”, whose firm states are always monitored by every other firm in the market. We perform computational experiments that show that POE are often close to...

Throughout East Asia, the growth process and its sources are changing in a number of important respects, especially for middle and higher income economies. Growth will increasingly come from the strength of innovative activities in these economies instead of factor accumulation as in the past. Recent research suggests that such innovative activities, especially in producer services and the crea...

In recent years convergence in information industries has often taken the form of vertical agreement between different stage of the value chain and with content owners and distribution channels in a prominent position, suggesting an increasing degree of vertical integration. But when considering indicators at firm level, as the value added to revenues ratio, emerges often a reduction in vertica...

Our activities affect the environment and. the environment affects our health. As the number of humans on earth increases, our agricultural and industrial activities have a greater impact on the environment, particularly on the atmosphere. As our most precious resource, the atmosphere has been polluted, so it is imperative to take measures to control air pollution. It becomes necessary to know ...

1 ACTIVITIES INCLUDED This chapter covers emissions released from nitric acid production plants, whereby all process steps are taken into account. The contribution of emissions released from nitric acid plants to the total emissions in the countries of the CORINAIR90 inventory is given as follows: Table 1: Contribution to total emissions of the CORINAIR90 inventory (28 countries) S So ou ur rc ...

This paper demonstrates that, under a set of weak assumptions, increased product differentiation will make it more difficult to sustain collusion when it is costly either to coordinate or to maintain collusion. These results contrast with the previous theoretical literature, which shows that, in the absence of these costs, greater differentiation can help foster collusion under some common mode...